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/*
** 2010 February 1
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code. In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
** May you do good and not evil.
** May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
** May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
**
** This file contains the implementation of a write-ahead log (WAL) used in
** "journal_mode=WAL" mode.
**
** WRITE-AHEAD LOG (WAL) FILE FORMAT
**
** A WAL file consists of a header followed by zero or more "frames".
** Each frame records the revised content of a single page from the
** database file. All changes to the database are recorded by writing
** frames into the WAL. Transactions commit when a frame is written that
** contains a commit marker. A single WAL can and usually does record
** multiple transactions. Periodically, the content of the WAL is
** transferred back into the database file in an operation called a
** "checkpoint".
**
** A single WAL file can be used multiple times. In other words, the
** WAL can fill up with frames and then be checkpointed and then new
** frames can overwrite the old ones. A WAL always grows from beginning
** toward the end. Checksums and counters attached to each frame are
** used to determine which frames within the WAL are valid and which
** are leftovers from prior checkpoints.
**
** The WAL header is 32 bytes in size and consists of the following eight
** big-endian 32-bit unsigned integer values:
**
** 0: Magic number. 0x377f0682 or 0x377f0683
** 4: File format version. Currently 3007000
** 8: Database page size. Example: 1024
** 12: Checkpoint sequence number
** 16: Salt-1, random integer incremented with each checkpoint
** 20: Salt-2, a different random integer changing with each ckpt
** 24: Checksum-1 (first part of checksum for first 24 bytes of header).
** 28: Checksum-2 (second part of checksum for first 24 bytes of header).
**
** Immediately following the wal-header are zero or more frames. Each
** frame consists of a 24-byte frame-header followed by a <page-size> bytes
** of page data. The frame-header is six big-endian 32-bit unsigned
** integer values, as follows:
**
** 0: Page number.
** 4: For commit records, the size of the database image in pages
** after the commit. For all other records, zero.
** 8: Salt-1 (copied from the header)
** 12: Salt-2 (copied from the header)
** 16: Checksum-1.
** 20: Checksum-2.
**
** A frame is considered valid if and only if the following conditions are
** true:
**
** (1) The salt-1 and salt-2 values in the frame-header match
** salt values in the wal-header
**
** (2) The checksum values in the final 8 bytes of the frame-header
** exactly match the checksum computed consecutively on the
** WAL header and the first 8 bytes and the content of all frames
** up to and including the current frame.
**
** The checksum is computed using 32-bit big-endian integers if the
** magic number in the first 4 bytes of the WAL is 0x377f0683 and it
** is computed using little-endian if the magic number is 0x377f0682.
** The checksum values are always stored in the frame header in a
** big-endian format regardless of which byte order is used to compute
** the checksum. The checksum is computed by interpreting the input as
** an even number of unsigned 32-bit integers: x[0] through x[N]. The
** algorithm used for the checksum is as follows:
**
** for i from 0 to n-1 step 2:
** s0 += x[i] + s1;
** s1 += x[i+1] + s0;
** endfor
**
** Note that s0 and s1 are both weighted checksums using fibonacci weights
** in reverse order (the largest fibonacci weight occurs on the first element
** of the sequence being summed.) The s1 value spans all 32-bit
** terms of the sequence whereas s0 omits the final term.
**
** On a checkpoint, the WAL is first VFS.xSync-ed, then valid content of the
** WAL is transferred into the database, then the database is VFS.xSync-ed.
** The VFS.xSync operations serve as write barriers - all writes launched
** before the xSync must complete before any write that launches after the
** xSync begins.
**
** After each checkpoint, the salt-1 value is incremented and the salt-2
** value is randomized. This prevents old and new frames in the WAL from
** being considered valid at the same time and being checkpointing together
** following a crash.
**
** READER ALGORITHM
**
** To read a page from the database (call it page number P), a reader
** first checks the WAL to see if it contains page P. If so, then the
** last valid instance of page P that is a followed by a commit frame
** or is a commit frame itself becomes the value read. If the WAL
** contains no copies of page P that are valid and which are a commit
** frame or are followed by a commit frame, then page P is read from
** the database file.
**
** To start a read transaction, the reader records the index of the last
** valid frame in the WAL. The reader uses this recorded "mxFrame" value
** for all subsequent read operations. New transactions can be appended
** to the WAL, but as long as the reader uses its original mxFrame value
** and ignores the newly appended content, it will see a consistent snapshot
** of the database from a single point in time. This technique allows
** multiple concurrent readers to view different versions of the database
** content simultaneously.
**
** The reader algorithm in the previous paragraphs works correctly, but
** because frames for page P can appear anywhere within the WAL, the
** reader has to scan the entire WAL looking for page P frames. If the
** WAL is large (multiple megabytes is typical) that scan can be slow,
** and read performance suffers. To overcome this problem, a separate
** data structure called the wal-index is maintained to expedite the
** search for frames of a particular page.
**
** WAL-INDEX FORMAT
**
** Conceptually, the wal-index is shared memory, though VFS implementations
** might choose to implement the wal-index using a mmapped file. Because
** the wal-index is shared memory, SQLite does not support journal_mode=WAL
** on a network filesystem. All users of the database must be able to
** share memory.
**
** The wal-index is transient. After a crash, the wal-index can (and should
** be) reconstructed from the original WAL file. In fact, the VFS is required
** to either truncate or zero the header of the wal-index when the last
** connection to it closes. Because the wal-index is transient, it can
** use an architecture-specific format; it does not have to be cross-platform.
** Hence, unlike the database and WAL file formats which store all values
** as big endian, the wal-index can store multi-byte values in the native
** byte order of the host computer.
**
** The purpose of the wal-index is to answer this question quickly: Given
** a page number P, return the index of the last frame for page P in the WAL,
** or return NULL if there are no frames for page P in the WAL.
**
** The wal-index consists of a header region, followed by an one or
** more index blocks.
**
** The wal-index header contains the total number of frames within the WAL
** in the the mxFrame field.
**
** Each index block except for the first contains information on
** HASHTABLE_NPAGE frames. The first index block contains information on
** HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE frames. The values of HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE and
** HASHTABLE_NPAGE are selected so that together the wal-index header and
** first index block are the same size as all other index blocks in the
** wal-index.
**
** Each index block contains two sections, a page-mapping that contains the
** database page number associated with each wal frame, and a hash-table
** that allows readers to query an index block for a specific page number.
** The page-mapping is an array of HASHTABLE_NPAGE (or HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE
** for the first index block) 32-bit page numbers. The first entry in the
** first index-block contains the database page number corresponding to the
** first frame in the WAL file. The first entry in the second index block
** in the WAL file corresponds to the (HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE+1)th frame in
** the log, and so on.
**
** The last index block in a wal-index usually contains less than the full
** complement of HASHTABLE_NPAGE (or HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE) page-numbers,
** depending on the contents of the WAL file. This does not change the
** allocated size of the page-mapping array - the page-mapping array merely
** contains unused entries.
**
** Even without using the hash table, the last frame for page P
** can be found by scanning the page-mapping sections of each index block
** starting with the last index block and moving toward the first, and
** within each index block, starting at the end and moving toward the
** beginning. The first entry that equals P corresponds to the frame
** holding the content for that page.
**
** The hash table consists of HASHTABLE_NSLOT 16-bit unsigned integers.
** HASHTABLE_NSLOT = 2*HASHTABLE_NPAGE, and there is one entry in the
** hash table for each page number in the mapping section, so the hash
** table is never more than half full. The expected number of collisions
** prior to finding a match is 1. Each entry of the hash table is an
** 1-based index of an entry in the mapping section of the same
** index block. Let K be the 1-based index of the largest entry in
** the mapping section. (For index blocks other than the last, K will
** always be exactly HASHTABLE_NPAGE (4096) and for the last index block
** K will be (mxFrame%HASHTABLE_NPAGE).) Unused slots of the hash table
** contain a value of 0.
**
** To look for page P in the hash table, first compute a hash iKey on
** P as follows:
**
** iKey = (P * 383) % HASHTABLE_NSLOT
**
** Then start scanning entries of the hash table, starting with iKey
** (wrapping around to the beginning when the end of the hash table is
** reached) until an unused hash slot is found. Let the first unused slot
** be at index iUnused. (iUnused might be less than iKey if there was
** wrap-around.) Because the hash table is never more than half full,
** the search is guaranteed to eventually hit an unused entry. Let
** iMax be the value between iKey and iUnused, closest to iUnused,
** where aHash[iMax]==P. If there is no iMax entry (if there exists
** no hash slot such that aHash[i]==p) then page P is not in the
** current index block. Otherwise the iMax-th mapping entry of the
** current index block corresponds to the last entry that references
** page P.
**
** A hash search begins with the last index block and moves toward the
** first index block, looking for entries corresponding to page P. On
** average, only two or three slots in each index block need to be
** examined in order to either find the last entry for page P, or to
** establish that no such entry exists in the block. Each index block
** holds over 4000 entries. So two or three index blocks are sufficient
** to cover a typical 10 megabyte WAL file, assuming 1K pages. 8 or 10
** comparisons (on average) suffice to either locate a frame in the
** WAL or to establish that the frame does not exist in the WAL. This
** is much faster than scanning the entire 10MB WAL.
**
** Note that entries are added in order of increasing K. Hence, one
** reader might be using some value K0 and a second reader that started
** at a later time (after additional transactions were added to the WAL
** and to the wal-index) might be using a different value K1, where K1>K0.
** Both readers can use the same hash table and mapping section to get
** the correct result. There may be entries in the hash table with
** K>K0 but to the first reader, those entries will appear to be unused
** slots in the hash table and so the first reader will get an answer as
** if no values greater than K0 had ever been inserted into the hash table
** in the first place - which is what reader one wants. Meanwhile, the
** second reader using K1 will see additional values that were inserted
** later, which is exactly what reader two wants.
**
** When a rollback occurs, the value of K is decreased. Hash table entries
** that correspond to frames greater than the new K value are removed
** from the hash table at this point.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
#include "wal.h"
/*
** Trace output macros
*/
#if defined(SQLITE_TEST) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
int sqlite3WalTrace = 0;
# define WALTRACE(X) if(sqlite3WalTrace) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
#else
# define WALTRACE(X)
#endif
/*
** The maximum (and only) versions of the wal and wal-index formats
** that may be interpreted by this version of SQLite.
**
** If a client begins recovering a WAL file and finds that (a) the checksum
** values in the wal-header are correct and (b) the version field is not
** WAL_MAX_VERSION, recovery fails and SQLite returns SQLITE_CANTOPEN.
**
** Similarly, if a client successfully reads a wal-index header (i.e. the
** checksum test is successful) and finds that the version field is not
** WALINDEX_MAX_VERSION, then no read-transaction is opened and SQLite
** returns SQLITE_CANTOPEN.
*/
#define WAL_MAX_VERSION 3007000
#define WALINDEX_MAX_VERSION 3007000
/*
** Indices of various locking bytes. WAL_NREADER is the number
** of available reader locks and should be at least 3.
*/
#define WAL_WRITE_LOCK 0
#define WAL_ALL_BUT_WRITE 1
#define WAL_CKPT_LOCK 1
#define WAL_RECOVER_LOCK 2
#define WAL_READ_LOCK(I) (3+(I))
#define WAL_NREADER (SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK-3)
/* Object declarations */
typedef struct WalIndexHdr WalIndexHdr;
typedef struct WalIterator WalIterator;
typedef struct WalCkptInfo WalCkptInfo;
/*
** The following object holds a copy of the wal-index header content.
**
** The actual header in the wal-index consists of two copies of this
** object.
**
** The szPage value can be any power of 2 between 512 and 32768, inclusive.
** Or it can be 1 to represent a 65536-byte page. The latter case was
** added in 3.7.1 when support for 64K pages was added.
*/
struct WalIndexHdr {
u32 iVersion; /* Wal-index version */
u32 unused; /* Unused (padding) field */
u32 iChange; /* Counter incremented each transaction */
u8 isInit; /* 1 when initialized */
u8 bigEndCksum; /* True if checksums in WAL are big-endian */
u16 szPage; /* Database page size in bytes. 1==64K */
u32 mxFrame; /* Index of last valid frame in the WAL */
u32 nPage; /* Size of database in pages */
u32 aFrameCksum[2]; /* Checksum of last frame in log */
u32 aSalt[2]; /* Two salt values copied from WAL header */
u32 aCksum[2]; /* Checksum over all prior fields */
};
/*
** A copy of the following object occurs in the wal-index immediately
** following the second copy of the WalIndexHdr. This object stores
** information used by checkpoint.
**
** nBackfill is the number of frames in the WAL that have been written
** back into the database. (We call the act of moving content from WAL to
** database "backfilling".) The nBackfill number is never greater than
** WalIndexHdr.mxFrame. nBackfill can only be increased by threads
** holding the WAL_CKPT_LOCK lock (which includes a recovery thread).
** However, a WAL_WRITE_LOCK thread can move the value of nBackfill from
** mxFrame back to zero when the WAL is reset.
**
** There is one entry in aReadMark[] for each reader lock. If a reader
** holds read-lock K, then the value in aReadMark[K] is no greater than
** the mxFrame for that reader. The value READMARK_NOT_USED (0xffffffff)
** for any aReadMark[] means that entry is unused. aReadMark[0] is
** a special case; its value is never used and it exists as a place-holder
** to avoid having to offset aReadMark[] indexs by one. Readers holding
** WAL_READ_LOCK(0) always ignore the entire WAL and read all content
** directly from the database.
**
** The value of aReadMark[K] may only be changed by a thread that
** is holding an exclusive lock on WAL_READ_LOCK(K). Thus, the value of
** aReadMark[K] cannot changed while there is a reader is using that mark
** since the reader will be holding a shared lock on WAL_READ_LOCK(K).
**
** The checkpointer may only transfer frames from WAL to database where
** the frame numbers are less than or equal to every aReadMark[] that is
** in use (that is, every aReadMark[j] for which there is a corresponding
** WAL_READ_LOCK(j)). New readers (usually) pick the aReadMark[] with the
** largest value and will increase an unused aReadMark[] to mxFrame if there
** is not already an aReadMark[] equal to mxFrame. The exception to the
** previous sentence is when nBackfill equals mxFrame (meaning that everything
** in the WAL has been backfilled into the database) then new readers
** will choose aReadMark[0] which has value 0 and hence such reader will
** get all their all content directly from the database file and ignore
** the WAL.
**
** Writers normally append new frames to the end of the WAL. However,
** if nBackfill equals mxFrame (meaning that all WAL content has been
** written back into the database) and if no readers are using the WAL
** (in other words, if there are no WAL_READ_LOCK(i) where i>0) then
** the writer will first "reset" the WAL back to the beginning and start
** writing new content beginning at frame 1.
**
** We assume that 32-bit loads are atomic and so no locks are needed in
** order to read from any aReadMark[] entries.
*/
struct WalCkptInfo {
u32 nBackfill; /* Number of WAL frames backfilled into DB */
u32 aReadMark[WAL_NREADER]; /* Reader marks */
};
#define READMARK_NOT_USED 0xffffffff
/* A block of WALINDEX_LOCK_RESERVED bytes beginning at
** WALINDEX_LOCK_OFFSET is reserved for locks. Since some systems
** only support mandatory file-locks, we do not read or write data
** from the region of the file on which locks are applied.
*/
#define WALINDEX_LOCK_OFFSET (sizeof(WalIndexHdr)*2 + sizeof(WalCkptInfo))
#define WALINDEX_LOCK_RESERVED 16
#define WALINDEX_HDR_SIZE (WALINDEX_LOCK_OFFSET+WALINDEX_LOCK_RESERVED)
/* Size of header before each frame in wal */
#define WAL_FRAME_HDRSIZE 24
/* Size of write ahead log header, including checksum. */
/* #define WAL_HDRSIZE 24 */
#define WAL_HDRSIZE 32
/* WAL magic value. Either this value, or the same value with the least
** significant bit also set (WAL_MAGIC | 0x00000001) is stored in 32-bit
** big-endian format in the first 4 bytes of a WAL file.
**
** If the LSB is set, then the checksums for each frame within the WAL
** file are calculated by treating all data as an array of 32-bit
** big-endian words. Otherwise, they are calculated by interpreting
** all data as 32-bit little-endian words.
*/
#define WAL_MAGIC 0x377f0682
/*
** Return the offset of frame iFrame in the write-ahead log file,
** assuming a database page size of szPage bytes. The offset returned
** is to the start of the write-ahead log frame-header.
*/
#define walFrameOffset(iFrame, szPage) ( \
WAL_HDRSIZE + ((iFrame)-1)*(i64)((szPage)+WAL_FRAME_HDRSIZE) \
)
/*
** An open write-ahead log file is represented by an instance of the
** following object.
*/
struct Wal {
sqlite3_vfs *pVfs; /* The VFS used to create pDbFd */
sqlite3_file *pDbFd; /* File handle for the database file */
sqlite3_file *pWalFd; /* File handle for WAL file */
u32 iCallback; /* Value to pass to log callback (or 0) */
int nWiData; /* Size of array apWiData */
volatile u32 **apWiData; /* Pointer to wal-index content in memory */
u32 szPage; /* Database page size */
i16 readLock; /* Which read lock is being held. -1 for none */
u8 exclusiveMode; /* Non-zero if connection is in exclusive mode */
u8 writeLock; /* True if in a write transaction */
u8 ckptLock; /* True if holding a checkpoint lock */
u8 readOnly; /* True if the WAL file is open read-only */
WalIndexHdr hdr; /* Wal-index header for current transaction */
const char *zWalName; /* Name of WAL file */
u32 nCkpt; /* Checkpoint sequence counter in the wal-header */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
u8 lockError; /* True if a locking error has occurred */
#endif
};
/*
** Candidate values for Wal.exclusiveMode.
*/
#define WAL_NORMAL_MODE 0
#define WAL_EXCLUSIVE_MODE 1
#define WAL_HEAPMEMORY_MODE 2
/*
** Each page of the wal-index mapping contains a hash-table made up of
** an array of HASHTABLE_NSLOT elements of the following type.
*/
typedef u16 ht_slot;
/*
** This structure is used to implement an iterator that loops through
** all frames in the WAL in database page order. Where two or more frames
** correspond to the same database page, the iterator visits only the
** frame most recently written to the WAL (in other words, the frame with
** the largest index).
**
** The internals of this structure are only accessed by:
**
** walIteratorInit() - Create a new iterator,
** walIteratorNext() - Step an iterator,
** walIteratorFree() - Free an iterator.
**
** This functionality is used by the checkpoint code (see walCheckpoint()).
*/
struct WalIterator {
int iPrior; /* Last result returned from the iterator */
int nSegment; /* Number of entries in aSegment[] */
struct WalSegment {
int iNext; /* Next slot in aIndex[] not yet returned */
ht_slot *aIndex; /* i0, i1, i2... such that aPgno[iN] ascend */
u32 *aPgno; /* Array of page numbers. */
int nEntry; /* Nr. of entries in aPgno[] and aIndex[] */
int iZero; /* Frame number associated with aPgno[0] */
} aSegment[1]; /* One for every 32KB page in the wal-index */
};
/*
** Define the parameters of the hash tables in the wal-index file. There
** is a hash-table following every HASHTABLE_NPAGE page numbers in the
** wal-index.
**
** Changing any of these constants will alter the wal-index format and
** create incompatibilities.
*/
#define HASHTABLE_NPAGE 4096 /* Must be power of 2 */
#define HASHTABLE_HASH_1 383 /* Should be prime */
#define HASHTABLE_NSLOT (HASHTABLE_NPAGE*2) /* Must be a power of 2 */
/*
** The block of page numbers associated with the first hash-table in a
** wal-index is smaller than usual. This is so that there is a complete
** hash-table on each aligned 32KB page of the wal-index.
*/
#define HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE (HASHTABLE_NPAGE - (WALINDEX_HDR_SIZE/sizeof(u32)))
/* The wal-index is divided into pages of WALINDEX_PGSZ bytes each. */
#define WALINDEX_PGSZ ( \
sizeof(ht_slot)*HASHTABLE_NSLOT + HASHTABLE_NPAGE*sizeof(u32) \
)
/*
** Obtain a pointer to the iPage'th page of the wal-index. The wal-index
** is broken into pages of WALINDEX_PGSZ bytes. Wal-index pages are
** numbered from zero.
**
** If this call is successful, *ppPage is set to point to the wal-index
** page and SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error (an OOM or VFS error) occurs,
** then an SQLite error code is returned and *ppPage is set to 0.
*/
static int walIndexPage(Wal *pWal, int iPage, volatile u32 **ppPage){
int rc = SQLITE_OK;
/* Enlarge the pWal->apWiData[] array if required */
if( pWal->nWiData<=iPage ){
int nByte = sizeof(u32*)*(iPage+1);
volatile u32 **apNew;
apNew = (volatile u32 **)sqlite3_realloc((void *)pWal->apWiData, nByte);
if( !apNew ){
*ppPage = 0;
return SQLITE_NOMEM;
}
memset((void*)&apNew[pWal->nWiData], 0,
sizeof(u32*)*(iPage+1-pWal->nWiData));
pWal->apWiData = apNew;
pWal->nWiData = iPage+1;
}
/* Request a pointer to the required page from the VFS */
if( pWal->apWiData[iPage]==0 ){
if( pWal->exclusiveMode==WAL_HEAPMEMORY_MODE ){
pWal->apWiData[iPage] = (u32 volatile *)sqlite3MallocZero(WALINDEX_PGSZ);
if( !pWal->apWiData[iPage] ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
}else{
rc = sqlite3OsShmMap(pWal->pDbFd, iPage, WALINDEX_PGSZ,
pWal->writeLock, (void volatile **)&pWal->apWiData[iPage]
);
}
}
*ppPage = pWal->apWiData[iPage];
assert( iPage==0 || *ppPage || rc!=SQLITE_OK );
return rc;
}
/*
** Return a pointer to the WalCkptInfo structure in the wal-index.
*/
static volatile WalCkptInfo *walCkptInfo(Wal *pWal){
assert( pWal->nWiData>0 && pWal->apWiData[0] );
return (volatile WalCkptInfo*)&(pWal->apWiData[0][sizeof(WalIndexHdr)/2]);
}
/*
** Return a pointer to the WalIndexHdr structure in the wal-index.
*/
static volatile WalIndexHdr *walIndexHdr(Wal *pWal){
assert( pWal->nWiData>0 && pWal->apWiData[0] );
return (volatile WalIndexHdr*)pWal->apWiData[0];
}
/*
** The argument to this macro must be of type u32. On a little-endian
** architecture, it returns the u32 value that results from interpreting
** the 4 bytes as a big-endian value. On a big-endian architecture, it
** returns the value that would be produced by intepreting the 4 bytes
** of the input value as a little-endian integer.
*/
#define BYTESWAP32(x) ( \
(((x)&0x000000FF)<<24) + (((x)&0x0000FF00)<<8) \
+ (((x)&0x00FF0000)>>8) + (((x)&0xFF000000)>>24) \
)
/*
** Generate or extend an 8 byte checksum based on the data in
** array aByte[] and the initial values of aIn[0] and aIn[1] (or
** initial values of 0 and 0 if aIn==NULL).
**
** The checksum is written back into aOut[] before returning.
**
** nByte must be a positive multiple of 8.
*/
static void walChecksumBytes(
int nativeCksum, /* True for native byte-order, false for non-native */
u8 *a, /* Content to be checksummed */
int nByte, /* Bytes of content in a[]. Must be a multiple of 8. */
const u32 *aIn, /* Initial checksum value input */
u32 *aOut /* OUT: Final checksum value output */
){
u32 s1, s2;
u32 *aData = (u32 *)a;
u32 *aEnd = (u32 *)&a[nByte];
if( aIn ){
s1 = aIn[0];
s2 = aIn[1];
}else{
s1 = s2 = 0;
}
assert( nByte>=8 );
assert( (nByte&0x00000007)==0 );
if( nativeCksum ){
do {
s1 += *aData++ + s2;
s2 += *aData++ + s1;
}while( aData<aEnd );
}else{
do {
s1 += BYTESWAP32(aData[0]) + s2;
s2 += BYTESWAP32(aData[1]) + s1;
aData += 2;
}while( aData<aEnd );
}
aOut[0] = s1;
aOut[1] = s2;
}
static void walShmBarrier(Wal *pWal){
if( pWal->exclusiveMode!=WAL_HEAPMEMORY_MODE ){
sqlite3OsShmBarrier(pWal->pDbFd);
}
}
/*
** Write the header information in pWal->hdr into the wal-index.
**
** The checksum on pWal->hdr is updated before it is written.
*/
static void walIndexWriteHdr(Wal *pWal){
volatile WalIndexHdr *aHdr = walIndexHdr(pWal);
const int nCksum = offsetof(WalIndexHdr, aCksum);
assert( pWal->writeLock );
pWal->hdr.isInit = 1;
pWal->hdr.iVersion = WALINDEX_MAX_VERSION;
walChecksumBytes(1, (u8*)&pWal->hdr, nCksum, 0, pWal->hdr.aCksum);
memcpy((void *)&aHdr[1], (void *)&pWal->hdr, sizeof(WalIndexHdr));
walShmBarrier(pWal);
memcpy((void *)&aHdr[0], (void *)&pWal->hdr, sizeof(WalIndexHdr));
}
/*
** This function encodes a single frame header and writes it to a buffer
** supplied by the caller. A frame-header is made up of a series of
** 4-byte big-endian integers, as follows:
**
** 0: Page number.
** 4: For commit records, the size of the database image in pages
** after the commit. For all other records, zero.
** 8: Salt-1 (copied from the wal-header)
** 12: Salt-2 (copied from the wal-header)
** 16: Checksum-1.
** 20: Checksum-2.
*/
static void walEncodeFrame(
Wal *pWal, /* The write-ahead log */
u32 iPage, /* Database page number for frame */
u32 nTruncate, /* New db size (or 0 for non-commit frames) */
u8 *aData, /* Pointer to page data */
u8 *aFrame /* OUT: Write encoded frame here */
){
int nativeCksum; /* True for native byte-order checksums */
u32 *aCksum = pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum;
assert( WAL_FRAME_HDRSIZE==24 );
sqlite3Put4byte(&aFrame[0], iPage);
sqlite3Put4byte(&aFrame[4], nTruncate);
memcpy(&aFrame[8], pWal->hdr.aSalt, 8);
nativeCksum = (pWal->hdr.bigEndCksum==SQLITE_BIGENDIAN);
walChecksumBytes(nativeCksum, aFrame, 8, aCksum, aCksum);
walChecksumBytes(nativeCksum, aData, pWal->szPage, aCksum, aCksum);
sqlite3Put4byte(&aFrame[16], aCksum[0]);
sqlite3Put4byte(&aFrame[20], aCksum[1]);
}
/*
** Check to see if the frame with header in aFrame[] and content
** in aData[] is valid. If it is a valid frame, fill *piPage and
** *pnTruncate and return true. Return if the frame is not valid.
*/
static int walDecodeFrame(
Wal *pWal, /* The write-ahead log */
u32 *piPage, /* OUT: Database page number for frame */
u32 *pnTruncate, /* OUT: New db size (or 0 if not commit) */
u8 *aData, /* Pointer to page data (for checksum) */
u8 *aFrame /* Frame data */
){
int nativeCksum; /* True for native byte-order checksums */
u32 *aCksum = pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum;
u32 pgno; /* Page number of the frame */
assert( WAL_FRAME_HDRSIZE==24 );
/* A frame is only valid if the salt values in the frame-header
** match the salt values in the wal-header.
*/
if( memcmp(&pWal->hdr.aSalt, &aFrame[8], 8)!=0 ){
return 0;
}
/* A frame is only valid if the page number is creater than zero.
*/
pgno = sqlite3Get4byte(&aFrame[0]);
if( pgno==0 ){
return 0;
}
/* A frame is only valid if a checksum of the WAL header,
** all prior frams, the first 16 bytes of this frame-header,
** and the frame-data matches the checksum in the last 8
** bytes of this frame-header.
*/
nativeCksum = (pWal->hdr.bigEndCksum==SQLITE_BIGENDIAN);
walChecksumBytes(nativeCksum, aFrame, 8, aCksum, aCksum);
walChecksumBytes(nativeCksum, aData, pWal->szPage, aCksum, aCksum);
if( aCksum[0]!=sqlite3Get4byte(&aFrame[16])
|| aCksum[1]!=sqlite3Get4byte(&aFrame[20])
){
/* Checksum failed. */
return 0;
}
/* If we reach this point, the frame is valid. Return the page number
** and the new database size.
*/
*piPage = pgno;
*pnTruncate = sqlite3Get4byte(&aFrame[4]);
return 1;
}
#if defined(SQLITE_TEST) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
/*
** Names of locks. This routine is used to provide debugging output and is not
** a part of an ordinary build.
*/
static const char *walLockName(int lockIdx){
if( lockIdx==WAL_WRITE_LOCK ){
return "WRITE-LOCK";
}else if( lockIdx==WAL_CKPT_LOCK ){
return "CKPT-LOCK";
}else if( lockIdx==WAL_RECOVER_LOCK ){
return "RECOVER-LOCK";
}else{
static char zName[15];
sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zName), zName, "READ-LOCK[%d]",
lockIdx-WAL_READ_LOCK(0));
return zName;
}
}
#endif /*defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) */
/*
** Set or release locks on the WAL. Locks are either shared or exclusive.
** A lock cannot be moved directly between shared and exclusive - it must go
** through the unlocked state first.
**
** In locking_mode=EXCLUSIVE, all of these routines become no-ops.
*/
static int walLockShared(Wal *pWal, int lockIdx){
int rc;
if( pWal->exclusiveMode ) return SQLITE_OK;
rc = sqlite3OsShmLock(pWal->pDbFd, lockIdx, 1,
SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED);
WALTRACE(("WAL%p: acquire SHARED-%s %s\n", pWal,
walLockName(lockIdx), rc ? "failed" : "ok"));
VVA_ONLY( pWal->lockError = (u8)(rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_BUSY); )
return rc;
}
static void walUnlockShared(Wal *pWal, int lockIdx){
if( pWal->exclusiveMode ) return;
(void)sqlite3OsShmLock(pWal->pDbFd, lockIdx, 1,
SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED);
WALTRACE(("WAL%p: release SHARED-%s\n", pWal, walLockName(lockIdx)));
}
static int walLockExclusive(Wal *pWal, int lockIdx, int n){
int rc;
if( pWal->exclusiveMode ) return SQLITE_OK;
rc = sqlite3OsShmLock(pWal->pDbFd, lockIdx, n,
SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE);
WALTRACE(("WAL%p: acquire EXCLUSIVE-%s cnt=%d %s\n", pWal,
walLockName(lockIdx), n, rc ? "failed" : "ok"));
VVA_ONLY( pWal->lockError = (u8)(rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_BUSY); )
return rc;
}
static void walUnlockExclusive(Wal *pWal, int lockIdx, int n){
if( pWal->exclusiveMode ) return;
(void)sqlite3OsShmLock(pWal->pDbFd, lockIdx, n,
SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE);
WALTRACE(("WAL%p: release EXCLUSIVE-%s cnt=%d\n", pWal,
walLockName(lockIdx), n));
}
/*
** Compute a hash on a page number. The resulting hash value must land
** between 0 and (HASHTABLE_NSLOT-1). The walHashNext() function advances
** the hash to the next value in the event of a collision.
*/
static int walHash(u32 iPage){
assert( iPage>0 );
assert( (HASHTABLE_NSLOT & (HASHTABLE_NSLOT-1))==0 );
return (iPage*HASHTABLE_HASH_1) & (HASHTABLE_NSLOT-1);
}
static int walNextHash(int iPriorHash){
return (iPriorHash+1)&(HASHTABLE_NSLOT-1);
}
/*
** Return pointers to the hash table and page number array stored on
** page iHash of the wal-index. The wal-index is broken into 32KB pages
** numbered starting from 0.
**
** Set output variable *paHash to point to the start of the hash table
** in the wal-index file. Set *piZero to one less than the frame
** number of the first frame indexed by this hash table. If a
** slot in the hash table is set to N, it refers to frame number
** (*piZero+N) in the log.
**
** Finally, set *paPgno so that *paPgno[1] is the page number of the
** first frame indexed by the hash table, frame (*piZero+1).
*/
static int walHashGet(
Wal *pWal, /* WAL handle */
int iHash, /* Find the iHash'th table */
volatile ht_slot **paHash, /* OUT: Pointer to hash index */
volatile u32 **paPgno, /* OUT: Pointer to page number array */
u32 *piZero /* OUT: Frame associated with *paPgno[0] */
){
int rc; /* Return code */
volatile u32 *aPgno;
rc = walIndexPage(pWal, iHash, &aPgno);
assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || iHash>0 );
if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
u32 iZero;
volatile ht_slot *aHash;
aHash = (volatile ht_slot *)&aPgno[HASHTABLE_NPAGE];
if( iHash==0 ){
aPgno = &aPgno[WALINDEX_HDR_SIZE/sizeof(u32)];
iZero = 0;
}else{
iZero = HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE + (iHash-1)*HASHTABLE_NPAGE;
}
*paPgno = &aPgno[-1];
*paHash = aHash;
*piZero = iZero;
}
return rc;
}
/*
** Return the number of the wal-index page that contains the hash-table
** and page-number array that contain entries corresponding to WAL frame
** iFrame. The wal-index is broken up into 32KB pages. Wal-index pages
** are numbered starting from 0.
*/
static int walFramePage(u32 iFrame){
int iHash = (iFrame+HASHTABLE_NPAGE-HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE-1) / HASHTABLE_NPAGE;
assert( (iHash==0 || iFrame>HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE)
&& (iHash>=1 || iFrame<=HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE)
&& (iHash<=1 || iFrame>(HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE+HASHTABLE_NPAGE))
&& (iHash>=2 || iFrame<=HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE+HASHTABLE_NPAGE)
&& (iHash<=2 || iFrame>(HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE+2*HASHTABLE_NPAGE))
);
return iHash;
}
/*
** Return the page number associated with frame iFrame in this WAL.
*/
static u32 walFramePgno(Wal *pWal, u32 iFrame){
int iHash = walFramePage(iFrame);
if( iHash==0 ){
return pWal->apWiData[0][WALINDEX_HDR_SIZE/sizeof(u32) + iFrame - 1];
}
return pWal->apWiData[iHash][(iFrame-1-HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE)%HASHTABLE_NPAGE];
}
/*
** Remove entries from the hash table that point to WAL slots greater
** than pWal->hdr.mxFrame.
**
** This function is called whenever pWal->hdr.mxFrame is decreased due
** to a rollback or savepoint.
**
** At most only the hash table containing pWal->hdr.mxFrame needs to be
** updated. Any later hash tables will be automatically cleared when
** pWal->hdr.mxFrame advances to the point where those hash tables are
** actually needed.
*/
static void walCleanupHash(Wal *pWal){
volatile ht_slot *aHash = 0; /* Pointer to hash table to clear */
volatile u32 *aPgno = 0; /* Page number array for hash table */
u32 iZero = 0; /* frame == (aHash[x]+iZero) */
int iLimit = 0; /* Zero values greater than this */
int nByte; /* Number of bytes to zero in aPgno[] */
int i; /* Used to iterate through aHash[] */
assert( pWal->writeLock );
testcase( pWal->hdr.mxFrame==HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE-1 );
testcase( pWal->hdr.mxFrame==HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE );
testcase( pWal->hdr.mxFrame==HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE+1 );
if( pWal->hdr.mxFrame==0 ) return;
/* Obtain pointers to the hash-table and page-number array containing
** the entry that corresponds to frame pWal->hdr.mxFrame. It is guaranteed
** that the page said hash-table and array reside on is already mapped.
*/
assert( pWal->nWiData>walFramePage(pWal->hdr.mxFrame) );
assert( pWal->apWiData[walFramePage(pWal->hdr.mxFrame)] );
walHashGet(pWal, walFramePage(pWal->hdr.mxFrame), &aHash, &aPgno, &iZero);
/* Zero all hash-table entries that correspond to frame numbers greater
** than pWal->hdr.mxFrame.
*/
iLimit = pWal->hdr.mxFrame - iZero;
assert( iLimit>0 );
for(i=0; i<HASHTABLE_NSLOT; i++){
if( aHash[i]>iLimit ){
aHash[i] = 0;
}
}
/* Zero the entries in the aPgno array that correspond to frames with
** frame numbers greater than pWal->hdr.mxFrame.
*/
nByte = (int)((char *)aHash - (char *)&aPgno[iLimit+1]);
memset((void *)&aPgno[iLimit+1], 0, nByte);
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPENSIVE_ASSERT
/* Verify that the every entry in the mapping region is still reachable
** via the hash table even after the cleanup.
*/
if( iLimit ){
int i; /* Loop counter */
int iKey; /* Hash key */
for(i=1; i<=iLimit; i++){
for(iKey=walHash(aPgno[i]); aHash[iKey]; iKey=walNextHash(iKey)){
if( aHash[iKey]==i ) break;
}
assert( aHash[iKey]==i );
}
}
#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPENSIVE_ASSERT */
}
/*
** Set an entry in the wal-index that will map database page number
** pPage into WAL frame iFrame.
*/
static int walIndexAppend(Wal *pWal, u32 iFrame, u32 iPage){
int rc; /* Return code */
u32 iZero = 0; /* One less than frame number of aPgno[1] */
volatile u32 *aPgno = 0; /* Page number array */
volatile ht_slot *aHash = 0; /* Hash table */
rc = walHashGet(pWal, walFramePage(iFrame), &aHash, &aPgno, &iZero);
/* Assuming the wal-index file was successfully mapped, populate the
** page number array and hash table entry.
*/
if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
int iKey; /* Hash table key */
int idx; /* Value to write to hash-table slot */
int nCollide; /* Number of hash collisions */
idx = iFrame - iZero;
assert( idx <= HASHTABLE_NSLOT/2 + 1 );
/* If this is the first entry to be added to this hash-table, zero the
** entire hash table and aPgno[] array before proceding.
*/
if( idx==1 ){
int nByte = (int)((u8 *)&aHash[HASHTABLE_NSLOT] - (u8 *)&aPgno[1]);
memset((void*)&aPgno[1], 0, nByte);
}
/* If the entry in aPgno[] is already set, then the previous writer
** must have exited unexpectedly in the middle of a transaction (after
** writing one or more dirty pages to the WAL to free up memory).
** Remove the remnants of that writers uncommitted transaction from
** the hash-table before writing any new entries.
*/
if( aPgno[idx] ){
walCleanupHash(pWal);
assert( !aPgno[idx] );
}
/* Write the aPgno[] array entry and the hash-table slot. */
nCollide = idx;
for(iKey=walHash(iPage); aHash[iKey]; iKey=walNextHash(iKey)){
if( (nCollide--)==0 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
}
aPgno[idx] = iPage;
aHash[iKey] = (ht_slot)idx;
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPENSIVE_ASSERT
/* Verify that the number of entries in the hash table exactly equals
** the number of entries in the mapping region.
*/
{
int i; /* Loop counter */
int nEntry = 0; /* Number of entries in the hash table */
for(i=0; i<HASHTABLE_NSLOT; i++){ if( aHash[i] ) nEntry++; }
assert( nEntry==idx );
}
/* Verify that the every entry in the mapping region is reachable
** via the hash table. This turns out to be a really, really expensive
** thing to check, so only do this occasionally - not on every
** iteration.
*/
if( (idx&0x3ff)==0 ){
int i; /* Loop counter */
for(i=1; i<=idx; i++){
for(iKey=walHash(aPgno[i]); aHash[iKey]; iKey=walNextHash(iKey)){
if( aHash[iKey]==i ) break;
}
assert( aHash[iKey]==i );
}
}
#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPENSIVE_ASSERT */
}
return rc;
}
/*
** Recover the wal-index by reading the write-ahead log file.
**
** This routine first tries to establish an exclusive lock on the
** wal-index to prevent other threads/processes from doing anything
** with the WAL or wal-index while recovery is running. The
** WAL_RECOVER_LOCK is also held so that other threads will know
** that this thread is running recovery. If unable to establish
** the necessary locks, this routine returns SQLITE_BUSY.
*/
static int walIndexRecover(Wal *pWal){
int rc; /* Return Code */
i64 nSize; /* Size of log file */
u32 aFrameCksum[2] = {0, 0};
int iLock; /* Lock offset to lock for checkpoint */
int nLock; /* Number of locks to hold */
/* Obtain an exclusive lock on all byte in the locking range not already
** locked by the caller. The caller is guaranteed to have locked the
** WAL_WRITE_LOCK byte, and may have also locked the WAL_CKPT_LOCK byte.
** If successful, the same bytes that are locked here are unlocked before
** this function returns.
*/
assert( pWal->ckptLock==1 || pWal->ckptLock==0 );
assert( WAL_ALL_BUT_WRITE==WAL_WRITE_LOCK+1 );
assert( WAL_CKPT_LOCK==WAL_ALL_BUT_WRITE );
assert( pWal->writeLock );
iLock = WAL_ALL_BUT_WRITE + pWal->ckptLock;
nLock = SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK - iLock;
rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, iLock, nLock);
if( rc ){
return rc;
}
WALTRACE(("WAL%p: recovery begin...\n", pWal));
memset(&pWal->hdr, 0, sizeof(WalIndexHdr));
rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pWal->pWalFd, &nSize);
if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
goto recovery_error;
}
if( nSize>WAL_HDRSIZE ){
u8 aBuf[WAL_HDRSIZE]; /* Buffer to load WAL header into */
u8 *aFrame = 0; /* Malloc'd buffer to load entire frame */
int szFrame; /* Number of bytes in buffer aFrame[] */
u8 *aData; /* Pointer to data part of aFrame buffer */
int iFrame; /* Index of last frame read */
i64 iOffset; /* Next offset to read from log file */
int szPage; /* Page size according to the log */
u32 magic; /* Magic value read from WAL header */
u32 version; /* Magic value read from WAL header */
/* Read in the WAL header. */
rc = sqlite3OsRead(pWal->pWalFd, aBuf, WAL_HDRSIZE, 0);
if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
goto recovery_error;
}
/* If the database page size is not a power of two, or is greater than
** SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE, conclude that the WAL file contains no valid
** data. Similarly, if the 'magic' value is invalid, ignore the whole
** WAL file.
*/
magic = sqlite3Get4byte(&aBuf[0]);
szPage = sqlite3Get4byte(&aBuf[8]);
if( (magic&0xFFFFFFFE)!=WAL_MAGIC
|| szPage&(szPage-1)
|| szPage>SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE
|| szPage<512
){
goto finished;
}
pWal->hdr.bigEndCksum = (u8)(magic&0x00000001);
pWal->szPage = szPage;
pWal->nCkpt = sqlite3Get4byte(&aBuf[12]);
memcpy(&pWal->hdr.aSalt, &aBuf[16], 8);
/* Verify that the WAL header checksum is correct */
walChecksumBytes(pWal->hdr.bigEndCksum==SQLITE_BIGENDIAN,
aBuf, WAL_HDRSIZE-2*4, 0, pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum
);
if( pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[0]!=sqlite3Get4byte(&aBuf[24])
|| pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[1]!=sqlite3Get4byte(&aBuf[28])
){
goto finished;
}
/* Verify that the version number on the WAL format is one that
** are able to understand */
version = sqlite3Get4byte(&aBuf[4]);
if( version!=WAL_MAX_VERSION ){
rc = SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT;
goto finished;
}
/* Malloc a buffer to read frames into. */
szFrame = szPage + WAL_FRAME_HDRSIZE;
aFrame = (u8 *)sqlite3_malloc(szFrame);
if( !aFrame ){
rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
goto recovery_error;
}
aData = &aFrame[WAL_FRAME_HDRSIZE];
/* Read all frames from the log file. */
iFrame = 0;
for(iOffset=WAL_HDRSIZE; (iOffset+szFrame)<=nSize; iOffset+=szFrame){
u32 pgno; /* Database page number for frame */
u32 nTruncate; /* dbsize field from frame header */
int isValid; /* True if this frame is valid */
/* Read and decode the next log frame. */
rc = sqlite3OsRead(pWal->pWalFd, aFrame, szFrame, iOffset);
if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
isValid = walDecodeFrame(pWal, &pgno, &nTruncate, aData, aFrame);
if( !isValid ) break;
rc = walIndexAppend(pWal, ++iFrame, pgno);
if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
/* If nTruncate is non-zero, this is a commit record. */
if( nTruncate ){
pWal->hdr.mxFrame = iFrame;
pWal->hdr.nPage = nTruncate;
pWal->hdr.szPage = (u16)((szPage&0xff00) | (szPage>>16));
testcase( szPage<=32768 );
testcase( szPage>=65536 );
aFrameCksum[0] = pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[0];
aFrameCksum[1] = pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[1];
}
}
sqlite3_free(aFrame);
}
finished:
if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
volatile WalCkptInfo *pInfo;
int i;
pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[0] = aFrameCksum[0];
pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[1] = aFrameCksum[1];
walIndexWriteHdr(pWal);
/* Reset the checkpoint-header. This is safe because this thread is
** currently holding locks that exclude all other readers, writers and
** checkpointers.
*/
pInfo = walCkptInfo(pWal);
pInfo->nBackfill = 0;
pInfo->aReadMark[0] = 0;
for(i=1; i<WAL_NREADER; i++) pInfo->aReadMark[i] = READMARK_NOT_USED;
/* If more than one frame was recovered from the log file, report an
** event via sqlite3_log(). This is to help with identifying performance
** problems caused by applications routinely shutting down without
** checkpointing the log file.
*/
if( pWal->hdr.nPage ){
sqlite3_log(SQLITE_OK, "Recovered %d frames from WAL file %s",
pWal->hdr.nPage, pWal->zWalName
);
}
}
recovery_error:
WALTRACE(("WAL%p: recovery %s\n", pWal, rc ? "failed" : "ok"));
walUnlockExclusive(pWal, iLock, nLock);
return rc;
}
/*
** Close an open wal-index.
*/
static void walIndexClose(Wal *pWal, int isDelete){
if( pWal->exclusiveMode==WAL_HEAPMEMORY_MODE ){
int i;
for(i=0; i<pWal->nWiData; i++){
sqlite3_free((void *)pWal->apWiData[i]);
pWal->apWiData[i] = 0;
}
}else{
sqlite3OsShmUnmap(pWal->pDbFd, isDelete);
}
}
/*
** Open a connection to the WAL file zWalName. The database file must
** already be opened on connection pDbFd. The buffer that zWalName points
** to must remain valid for the lifetime of the returned Wal* handle.
**
** A SHARED lock should be held on the database file when this function
** is called. The purpose of this SHARED lock is to prevent any other
** client from unlinking the WAL or wal-index file. If another process
** were to do this just after this client opened one of these files, the
** system would be badly broken.
**
** If the log file is successfully opened, SQLITE_OK is returned and
** *ppWal is set to point to a new WAL handle. If an error occurs,
** an SQLite error code is returned and *ppWal is left unmodified.
*/
int sqlite3WalOpen(
sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, /* vfs module to open wal and wal-index */
sqlite3_file *pDbFd, /* The open database file */
const char *zWalName, /* Name of the WAL file */
int bNoShm, /* True to run in heap-memory mode */
Wal **ppWal /* OUT: Allocated Wal handle */
){
int rc; /* Return Code */
Wal *pRet; /* Object to allocate and return */
int flags; /* Flags passed to OsOpen() */
assert( zWalName && zWalName[0] );
assert( pDbFd );
/* In the amalgamation, the os_unix.c and os_win.c source files come before
** this source file. Verify that the #defines of the locking byte offsets
** in os_unix.c and os_win.c agree with the WALINDEX_LOCK_OFFSET value.
*/
#ifdef WIN_SHM_BASE
assert( WIN_SHM_BASE==WALINDEX_LOCK_OFFSET );
#endif
#ifdef UNIX_SHM_BASE
assert( UNIX_SHM_BASE==WALINDEX_LOCK_OFFSET );
#endif
/* Allocate an instance of struct Wal to return. */
*ppWal = 0;
pRet = (Wal*)sqlite3MallocZero(sizeof(Wal) + pVfs->szOsFile);
if( !pRet ){
return SQLITE_NOMEM;
}
pRet->pVfs = pVfs;
pRet->pWalFd = (sqlite3_file *)&pRet[1];
pRet->pDbFd = pDbFd;
pRet->readLock = -1;
pRet->zWalName = zWalName;
pRet->exclusiveMode = (bNoShm ? WAL_HEAPMEMORY_MODE: WAL_NORMAL_MODE);
/* Open file handle on the write-ahead log file. */
flags = (SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE|SQLITE_OPEN_WAL);
rc = sqlite3OsOpen(pVfs, zWalName, pRet->pWalFd, flags, &flags);
if( rc==SQLITE_OK && flags&SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY ){
pRet->readOnly = 1;
}
if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
walIndexClose(pRet, 0);
sqlite3OsClose(pRet->pWalFd);
sqlite3_free(pRet);
}else{
*ppWal = pRet;
WALTRACE(("WAL%d: opened\n", pRet));
}
return rc;
}
/*
** Find the smallest page number out of all pages held in the WAL that
** has not been returned by any prior invocation of this method on the
** same WalIterator object. Write into *piFrame the frame index where
** that page was last written into the WAL. Write into *piPage the page
** number.
**
** Return 0 on success. If there are no pages in the WAL with a page
** number larger than *piPage, then return 1.
*/
static int walIteratorNext(
WalIterator *p, /* Iterator */
u32 *piPage, /* OUT: The page number of the next page */
u32 *piFrame /* OUT: Wal frame index of next page */
){
u32 iMin; /* Result pgno must be greater than iMin */
u32 iRet = 0xFFFFFFFF; /* 0xffffffff is never a valid page number */
int i; /* For looping through segments */
iMin = p->iPrior;
assert( iMin<0xffffffff );
for(i=p->nSegment-1; i>=0; i--){
struct WalSegment *pSegment = &p->aSegment[i];
while( pSegment->iNext<pSegment->nEntry ){
u32 iPg = pSegment->aPgno[pSegment->aIndex[pSegment->iNext]];
if( iPg>iMin ){
if( iPg<iRet ){
iRet = iPg;
*piFrame = pSegment->iZero + pSegment->aIndex[pSegment->iNext];
}
break;
}
pSegment->iNext++;
}
}
*piPage = p->iPrior = iRet;
return (iRet==0xFFFFFFFF);
}
/*
** This function merges two sorted lists into a single sorted list.
**
** aLeft[] and aRight[] are arrays of indices. The sort key is
** aContent[aLeft[]] and aContent[aRight[]]. Upon entry, the following
** is guaranteed for all J<K:
**
** aContent[aLeft[J]] < aContent[aLeft[K]]
** aContent[aRight[J]] < aContent[aRight[K]]
**
** This routine overwrites aRight[] with a new (probably longer) sequence
** of indices such that the aRight[] contains every index that appears in
** either aLeft[] or the old aRight[] and such that the second condition
** above is still met.
**
** The aContent[aLeft[X]] values will be unique for all X. And the
** aContent[aRight[X]] values will be unique too. But there might be
** one or more combinations of X and Y such that
**
** aLeft[X]!=aRight[Y] && aContent[aLeft[X]] == aContent[aRight[Y]]
**
** When that happens, omit the aLeft[X] and use the aRight[Y] index.
*/
static void walMerge(
const u32 *aContent, /* Pages in wal - keys for the sort */
ht_slot *aLeft, /* IN: Left hand input list */
int nLeft, /* IN: Elements in array *paLeft */
ht_slot **paRight, /* IN/OUT: Right hand input list */
int *pnRight, /* IN/OUT: Elements in *paRight */
ht_slot *aTmp /* Temporary buffer */
){
int iLeft = 0; /* Current index in aLeft */
int iRight = 0; /* Current index in aRight */
int iOut = 0; /* Current index in output buffer */
int nRight = *pnRight;
ht_slot *aRight = *paRight;
assert( nLeft>0 && nRight>0 );
while( iRight<nRight || iLeft<nLeft ){
ht_slot logpage;
Pgno dbpage;
if( (iLeft<nLeft)
&& (iRight>=nRight || aContent[aLeft[iLeft]]<aContent[aRight[iRight]])
){
logpage = aLeft[iLeft++];
}else{
logpage = aRight[iRight++];
}
dbpage = aContent[logpage];
aTmp[iOut++] = logpage;
if( iLeft<nLeft && aContent[aLeft[iLeft]]==dbpage ) iLeft++;
assert( iLeft>=nLeft || aContent[aLeft[iLeft]]>dbpage );
assert( iRight>=nRight || aContent[aRight[iRight]]>dbpage );
}
*paRight = aLeft;
*pnRight = iOut;
memcpy(aLeft, aTmp, sizeof(aTmp[0])*iOut);
}
/*
** Sort the elements in list aList using aContent[] as the sort key.
** Remove elements with duplicate keys, preferring to keep the
** larger aList[] values.
**
** The aList[] entries are indices into aContent[]. The values in
** aList[] are to be sorted so that for all J<K:
**
** aContent[aList[J]] < aContent[aList[K]]
**
** For any X and Y such that
**
** aContent[aList[X]] == aContent[aList[Y]]
**
** Keep the larger of the two values aList[X] and aList[Y] and discard
** the smaller.
*/
static void walMergesort(
const u32 *aContent, /* Pages in wal */
ht_slot *aBuffer, /* Buffer of at least *pnList items to use */
ht_slot *aList, /* IN/OUT: List to sort */
int *pnList /* IN/OUT: Number of elements in aList[] */
){
struct Sublist {
int nList; /* Number of elements in aList */
ht_slot *aList; /* Pointer to sub-list content */
};
const int nList = *pnList; /* Size of input list */
int nMerge = 0; /* Number of elements in list aMerge */
ht_slot *aMerge = 0; /* List to be merged */
int iList; /* Index into input list */
int iSub = 0; /* Index into aSub array */
struct Sublist aSub[13]; /* Array of sub-lists */
memset(aSub, 0, sizeof(aSub));
assert( nList<=HASHTABLE_NPAGE && nList>0 );
assert( HASHTABLE_NPAGE==(1<<(ArraySize(aSub)-1)) );
for(iList=0; iList<nList; iList++){
nMerge = 1;
aMerge = &aList[iList];
for(iSub=0; iList & (1<<iSub); iSub++){
struct Sublist *p = &aSub[iSub];
assert( p->aList && p->nList<=(1<<iSub) );
assert( p->aList==&aList[iList&~((2<<iSub)-1)] );
walMerge(aContent, p->aList, p->nList, &aMerge, &nMerge, aBuffer);
}
aSub[iSub].aList = aMerge;
aSub[iSub].nList = nMerge;
}
for(iSub++; iSub<ArraySize(aSub); iSub++){
if( nList & (1<<iSub) ){
struct Sublist *p = &aSub[iSub];
assert( p->nList<=(1<<iSub) );
assert( p->aList==&aList[nList&~((2<<iSub)-1)] );
walMerge(aContent, p->aList, p->nList, &aMerge, &nMerge, aBuffer);
}
}
assert( aMerge==aList );
*pnList = nMerge;
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
{
int i;
for(i=1; i<*pnList; i++){
assert( aContent[aList[i]] > aContent[aList[i-1]] );
}
}
#endif
}
/*
** Free an iterator allocated by walIteratorInit().
*/
static void walIteratorFree(WalIterator *p){
sqlite3ScratchFree(p);
}
/*
** Construct a WalInterator object that can be used to loop over all
** pages in the WAL in ascending order. The caller must hold the checkpoint
** lock.
**
** On success, make *pp point to the newly allocated WalInterator object
** return SQLITE_OK. Otherwise, return an error code. If this routine
** returns an error, the value of *pp is undefined.
**
** The calling routine should invoke walIteratorFree() to destroy the
** WalIterator object when it has finished with it.
*/
static int walIteratorInit(Wal *pWal, WalIterator **pp){
WalIterator *p; /* Return value */
int nSegment; /* Number of segments to merge */
u32 iLast; /* Last frame in log */
int nByte; /* Number of bytes to allocate */
int i; /* Iterator variable */
ht_slot *aTmp; /* Temp space used by merge-sort */
int rc = SQLITE_OK; /* Return Code */
/* This routine only runs while holding the checkpoint lock. And
** it only runs if there is actually content in the log (mxFrame>0).
*/
assert( pWal->ckptLock && pWal->hdr.mxFrame>0 );
iLast = pWal->hdr.mxFrame;
/* Allocate space for the WalIterator object. */
nSegment = walFramePage(iLast) + 1;
nByte = sizeof(WalIterator)
+ (nSegment-1)*sizeof(struct WalSegment)
+ iLast*sizeof(ht_slot);
p = (WalIterator *)sqlite3ScratchMalloc(nByte);
if( !p ){
return SQLITE_NOMEM;
}
memset(p, 0, nByte);
p->nSegment = nSegment;
/* Allocate temporary space used by the merge-sort routine. This block
** of memory will be freed before this function returns.
*/
aTmp = (ht_slot *)sqlite3ScratchMalloc(
sizeof(ht_slot) * (iLast>HASHTABLE_NPAGE?HASHTABLE_NPAGE:iLast)
);
if( !aTmp ){
rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
}
for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<nSegment; i++){
volatile ht_slot *aHash;
u32 iZero;
volatile u32 *aPgno;
rc = walHashGet(pWal, i, &aHash, &aPgno, &iZero);
if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
int j; /* Counter variable */
int nEntry; /* Number of entries in this segment */
ht_slot *aIndex; /* Sorted index for this segment */
aPgno++;
if( (i+1)==nSegment ){
nEntry = (int)(iLast - iZero);
}else{
nEntry = (int)((u32*)aHash - (u32*)aPgno);
}
aIndex = &((ht_slot *)&p->aSegment[p->nSegment])[iZero];
iZero++;
for(j=0; j<nEntry; j++){
aIndex[j] = (ht_slot)j;
}
walMergesort((u32 *)aPgno, aTmp, aIndex, &nEntry);
p->aSegment[i].iZero = iZero;
p->aSegment[i].nEntry = nEntry;
p->aSegment[i].aIndex = aIndex;
p->aSegment[i].aPgno = (u32 *)aPgno;
}
}
sqlite3ScratchFree(aTmp);
if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
walIteratorFree(p);
}
*pp = p;
return rc;
}
/*
** Attempt to obtain the exclusive WAL lock defined by parameters lockIdx and
** n. If the attempt fails and parameter xBusy is not NULL, then it is a
** busy-handler function. Invoke it and retry the lock until either the
** lock is successfully obtained or the busy-handler returns 0.
*/
static int walBusyLock(
Wal *pWal, /* WAL connection */
int (*xBusy)(void*), /* Function to call when busy */
void *pBusyArg, /* Context argument for xBusyHandler */
int lockIdx, /* Offset of first byte to lock */
int n /* Number of bytes to lock */
){
int rc;
do {
rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, lockIdx, n);
}while( xBusy && rc==SQLITE_BUSY && xBusy(pBusyArg) );
return rc;
}
/*
** The cache of the wal-index header must be valid to call this function.
** Return the page-size in bytes used by the database.
*/
static int walPagesize(Wal *pWal){
return (pWal->hdr.szPage&0xfe00) + ((pWal->hdr.szPage&0x0001)<<16);
}
/*
** Copy as much content as we can from the WAL back into the database file
** in response to an sqlite3_wal_checkpoint() request or the equivalent.
**
** The amount of information copies from WAL to database might be limited
** by active readers. This routine will never overwrite a database page
** that a concurrent reader might be using.
**
** All I/O barrier operations (a.k.a fsyncs) occur in this routine when
** SQLite is in WAL-mode in synchronous=NORMAL. That means that if
** checkpoints are always run by a background thread or background
** process, foreground threads will never block on a lengthy fsync call.
**
** Fsync is called on the WAL before writing content out of the WAL and
** into the database. This ensures that if the new content is persistent
** in the WAL and can be recovered following a power-loss or hard reset.
**
** Fsync is also called on the database file if (and only if) the entire
** WAL content is copied into the database file. This second fsync makes
** it safe to delete the WAL since the new content will persist in the
** database file.
**
** This routine uses and updates the nBackfill field of the wal-index header.
** This is the only routine tha will increase the value of nBackfill.
** (A WAL reset or recovery will revert nBackfill to zero, but not increase
** its value.)
**
** The caller must be holding sufficient locks to ensure that no other
** checkpoint is running (in any other thread or process) at the same
** time.
*/
static int walCheckpoint(
Wal *pWal, /* Wal connection */
int eMode, /* One of PASSIVE, FULL or RESTART */
int (*xBusyCall)(void*), /* Function to call when busy */
void *pBusyArg, /* Context argument for xBusyHandler */
int sync_flags, /* Flags for OsSync() (or 0) */
u8 *zBuf /* Temporary buffer to use */
){
int rc; /* Return code */
int szPage; /* Database page-size */
WalIterator *pIter = 0; /* Wal iterator context */
u32 iDbpage = 0; /* Next database page to write */
u32 iFrame = 0; /* Wal frame containing data for iDbpage */
u32 mxSafeFrame; /* Max frame that can be backfilled */
u32 mxPage; /* Max database page to write */
int i; /* Loop counter */
volatile WalCkptInfo *pInfo; /* The checkpoint status information */
int (*xBusy)(void*) = 0; /* Function to call when waiting for locks */
szPage = walPagesize(pWal);
testcase( szPage<=32768 );
testcase( szPage>=65536 );
pInfo = walCkptInfo(pWal);
if( pInfo->nBackfill>=pWal->hdr.mxFrame ) return SQLITE_OK;
/* Allocate the iterator */
rc = walIteratorInit(pWal, &pIter);
if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
return rc;
}
assert( pIter );
if( eMode!=SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE ) xBusy = xBusyCall;
/* Compute in mxSafeFrame the index of the last frame of the WAL that is
** safe to write into the database. Frames beyond mxSafeFrame might
** overwrite database pages that are in use by active readers and thus
** cannot be backfilled from the WAL.
*/
mxSafeFrame = pWal->hdr.mxFrame;
mxPage = pWal->hdr.nPage;
for(i=1; i<WAL_NREADER; i++){
u32 y = pInfo->aReadMark[i];
if( mxSafeFrame>y ){
assert( y<=pWal->hdr.mxFrame );
rc = walBusyLock(pWal, xBusy, pBusyArg, WAL_READ_LOCK(i), 1);
if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
pInfo->aReadMark[i] = READMARK_NOT_USED;
walUnlockExclusive(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(i), 1);
}else if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
mxSafeFrame = y;
xBusy = 0;
}else{
goto walcheckpoint_out;
}
}
}
if( pInfo->nBackfill<mxSafeFrame
&& (rc = walBusyLock(pWal, xBusy, pBusyArg, WAL_READ_LOCK(0), 1))==SQLITE_OK
){
i64 nSize; /* Current size of database file */
u32 nBackfill = pInfo->nBackfill;
/* Sync the WAL to disk */
if( sync_flags ){
rc = sqlite3OsSync(pWal->pWalFd, sync_flags);
}
/* If the database file may grow as a result of this checkpoint, hint
** about the eventual size of the db file to the VFS layer.
*/
if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
i64 nReq = ((i64)mxPage * szPage);
rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pWal->pDbFd, &nSize);
if( rc==SQLITE_OK && nSize<nReq ){
sqlite3OsFileControl(pWal->pDbFd, SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT, &nReq);
}
}
/* Iterate through the contents of the WAL, copying data to the db file. */
while( rc==SQLITE_OK && 0==walIteratorNext(pIter, &iDbpage, &iFrame) ){
i64 iOffset;
assert( walFramePgno(pWal, iFrame)==iDbpage );
if( iFrame<=nBackfill || iFrame>mxSafeFrame || iDbpage>mxPage ) continue;
iOffset = walFrameOffset(iFrame, szPage) + WAL_FRAME_HDRSIZE;
/* testcase( IS_BIG_INT(iOffset) ); // requires a 4GiB WAL file */
rc = sqlite3OsRead(pWal->pWalFd, zBuf, szPage, iOffset);
if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
iOffset = (iDbpage-1)*(i64)szPage;
testcase( IS_BIG_INT(iOffset) );
rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pWal->pDbFd, zBuf, szPage, iOffset);
if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
}
/* If work was actually accomplished... */
if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
if( mxSafeFrame==walIndexHdr(pWal)->mxFrame ){
i64 szDb = pWal->hdr.nPage*(i64)szPage;
testcase( IS_BIG_INT(szDb) );
rc = sqlite3OsTruncate(pWal->pDbFd, szDb);
if( rc==SQLITE_OK && sync_flags ){
rc = sqlite3OsSync(pWal->pDbFd, sync_flags);
}
}
if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
pInfo->nBackfill = mxSafeFrame;
}
}
/* Release the reader lock held while backfilling */
walUnlockExclusive(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(0), 1);
}
if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
/* Reset the return code so as not to report a checkpoint failure
** just because there are active readers. */
rc = SQLITE_OK;
}
/* If this is an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART operation, and the entire wal
** file has been copied into the database file, then block until all
** readers have finished using the wal file. This ensures that the next
** process to write to the database restarts the wal file.
*/
if( rc==SQLITE_OK && eMode!=SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE ){
assert( pWal->writeLock );
if( pInfo->nBackfill<pWal->hdr.mxFrame ){
rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
}else if( eMode==SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART ){
assert( mxSafeFrame==pWal->hdr.mxFrame );
rc = walBusyLock(pWal, xBusy, pBusyArg, WAL_READ_LOCK(1), WAL_NREADER-1);
if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
walUnlockExclusive(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(1), WAL_NREADER-1);
}
}
}
walcheckpoint_out:
walIteratorFree(pIter);
return rc;
}
/*
** Close a connection to a log file.
*/
int sqlite3WalClose(
Wal *pWal, /* Wal to close */
int sync_flags, /* Flags to pass to OsSync() (or 0) */
int nBuf,
u8 *zBuf /* Buffer of at least nBuf bytes */
){
int rc = SQLITE_OK;
if( pWal ){
int isDelete = 0; /* True to unlink wal and wal-index files */
/* If an EXCLUSIVE lock can be obtained on the database file (using the
** ordinary, rollback-mode locking methods, this guarantees that the
** connection associated with this log file is the only connection to
** the database. In this case checkpoint the database and unlink both
** the wal and wal-index files.
**
** The EXCLUSIVE lock is not released before returning.
*/
rc = sqlite3OsLock(pWal->pDbFd, SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE);
if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
if( pWal->exclusiveMode==WAL_NORMAL_MODE ){
pWal->exclusiveMode = WAL_EXCLUSIVE_MODE;
}
rc = sqlite3WalCheckpoint(
pWal, SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE, 0, 0, sync_flags, nBuf, zBuf, 0, 0
);
if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
isDelete = 1;
}
}
walIndexClose(pWal, isDelete);
sqlite3OsClose(pWal->pWalFd);
if( isDelete ){
sqlite3OsDelete(pWal->pVfs, pWal->zWalName, 0);
}
WALTRACE(("WAL%p: closed\n", pWal));
sqlite3_free((void *)pWal->apWiData);
sqlite3_free(pWal);
}
return rc;
}
/*
** Try to read the wal-index header. Return 0 on success and 1 if
** there is a problem.
**
** The wal-index is in shared memory. Another thread or process might
** be writing the header at the same time this procedure is trying to
** read it, which might result in inconsistency. A dirty read is detected
** by verifying that both copies of the header are the same and also by
** a checksum on the header.
**
** If and only if the read is consistent and the header is different from
** pWal->hdr, then pWal->hdr is updated to the content of the new header
** and *pChanged is set to 1.
**
** If the checksum cannot be verified return non-zero. If the header
** is read successfully and the checksum verified, return zero.
*/
static int walIndexTryHdr(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
u32 aCksum[2]; /* Checksum on the header content */
WalIndexHdr h1, h2; /* Two copies of the header content */
WalIndexHdr volatile *aHdr; /* Header in shared memory */
/* The first page of the wal-index must be mapped at this point. */
assert( pWal->nWiData>0 && pWal->apWiData[0] );
/* Read the header. This might happen concurrently with a write to the
** same area of shared memory on a different CPU in a SMP,
** meaning it is possible that an inconsistent snapshot is read
** from the file. If this happens, return non-zero.
**
** There are two copies of the header at the beginning of the wal-index.
** When reading, read [0] first then [1]. Writes are in the reverse order.
** Memory barriers are used to prevent the compiler or the hardware from
** reordering the reads and writes.
*/
aHdr = walIndexHdr(pWal);
memcpy(&h1, (void *)&aHdr[0], sizeof(h1));
walShmBarrier(pWal);
memcpy(&h2, (void *)&aHdr[1], sizeof(h2));
if( memcmp(&h1, &h2, sizeof(h1))!=0 ){
return 1; /* Dirty read */
}
if( h1.isInit==0 ){
return 1; /* Malformed header - probably all zeros */
}
walChecksumBytes(1, (u8*)&h1, sizeof(h1)-sizeof(h1.aCksum), 0, aCksum);
if( aCksum[0]!=h1.aCksum[0] || aCksum[1]!=h1.aCksum[1] ){
return 1; /* Checksum does not match */
}
if( memcmp(&pWal->hdr, &h1, sizeof(WalIndexHdr)) ){
*pChanged = 1;
memcpy(&pWal->hdr, &h1, sizeof(WalIndexHdr));
pWal->szPage = (pWal->hdr.szPage&0xfe00) + ((pWal->hdr.szPage&0x0001)<<16);
testcase( pWal->szPage<=32768 );
testcase( pWal->szPage>=65536 );
}
/* The header was successfully read. Return zero. */
return 0;
}
/*
** Read the wal-index header from the wal-index and into pWal->hdr.
** If the wal-header appears to be corrupt, try to reconstruct the
** wal-index from the WAL before returning.
**
** Set *pChanged to 1 if the wal-index header value in pWal->hdr is
** changed by this opertion. If pWal->hdr is unchanged, set *pChanged
** to 0.
**
** If the wal-index header is successfully read, return SQLITE_OK.
** Otherwise an SQLite error code.
*/
static int walIndexReadHdr(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
int rc; /* Return code */
int badHdr; /* True if a header read failed */
volatile u32 *page0; /* Chunk of wal-index containing header */
/* Ensure that page 0 of the wal-index (the page that contains the
** wal-index header) is mapped. Return early if an error occurs here.
*/
assert( pChanged );
rc = walIndexPage(pWal, 0, &page0);
if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
return rc;
};
assert( page0 || pWal->writeLock==0 );
/* If the first page of the wal-index has been mapped, try to read the
** wal-index header immediately, without holding any lock. This usually
** works, but may fail if the wal-index header is corrupt or currently
** being modified by another thread or process.
*/
badHdr = (page0 ? walIndexTryHdr(pWal, pChanged) : 1);
/* If the first attempt failed, it might have been due to a race
** with a writer. So get a WRITE lock and try again.
*/
assert( badHdr==0 || pWal->writeLock==0 );
if( badHdr && SQLITE_OK==(rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, WAL_WRITE_LOCK, 1)) ){
pWal->writeLock = 1;
if( SQLITE_OK==(rc = walIndexPage(pWal, 0, &page0)) ){
badHdr = walIndexTryHdr(pWal, pChanged);
if( badHdr ){
/* If the wal-index header is still malformed even while holding
** a WRITE lock, it can only mean that the header is corrupted and
** needs to be reconstructed. So run recovery to do exactly that.
*/
rc = walIndexRecover(pWal);
*pChanged = 1;
}
}
pWal->writeLock = 0;
walUnlockExclusive(pWal, WAL_WRITE_LOCK, 1);
}
/* If the header is read successfully, check the version number to make
** sure the wal-index was not constructed with some future format that
** this version of SQLite cannot understand.
*/
if( badHdr==0 && pWal->hdr.iVersion!=WALINDEX_MAX_VERSION ){
rc = SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT;
}
return rc;
}
/*
** This is the value that walTryBeginRead returns when it needs to
** be retried.
*/
#define WAL_RETRY (-1)
/*
** Attempt to start a read transaction. This might fail due to a race or
** other transient condition. When that happens, it returns WAL_RETRY to
** indicate to the caller that it is safe to retry immediately.
**
** On success return SQLITE_OK. On a permanent failure (such an
** I/O error or an SQLITE_BUSY because another process is running
** recovery) return a positive error code.
**
** The useWal parameter is true to force the use of the WAL and disable
** the case where the WAL is bypassed because it has been completely
** checkpointed. If useWal==0 then this routine calls walIndexReadHdr()
** to make a copy of the wal-index header into pWal->hdr. If the
** wal-index header has changed, *pChanged is set to 1 (as an indication
** to the caller that the local paget cache is obsolete and needs to be
** flushed.) When useWal==1, the wal-index header is assumed to already
** be loaded and the pChanged parameter is unused.
**
** The caller must set the cnt parameter to the number of prior calls to
** this routine during the current read attempt that returned WAL_RETRY.
** This routine will start taking more aggressive measures to clear the
** race conditions after multiple WAL_RETRY returns, and after an excessive
** number of errors will ultimately return SQLITE_PROTOCOL. The
** SQLITE_PROTOCOL return indicates that some other process has gone rogue
** and is not honoring the locking protocol. There is a vanishingly small
** chance that SQLITE_PROTOCOL could be returned because of a run of really
** bad luck when there is lots of contention for the wal-index, but that
** possibility is so small that it can be safely neglected, we believe.
**
** On success, this routine obtains a read lock on
** WAL_READ_LOCK(pWal->readLock). The pWal->readLock integer is
** in the range 0 <= pWal->readLock < WAL_NREADER. If pWal->readLock==(-1)
** that means the Wal does not hold any read lock. The reader must not
** access any database page that is modified by a WAL frame up to and
** including frame number aReadMark[pWal->readLock]. The reader will
** use WAL frames up to and including pWal->hdr.mxFrame if pWal->readLock>0
** Or if pWal->readLock==0, then the reader will ignore the WAL
** completely and get all content directly from the database file.
** If the useWal parameter is 1 then the WAL will never be ignored and
** this routine will always set pWal->readLock>0 on success.
** When the read transaction is completed, the caller must release the
** lock on WAL_READ_LOCK(pWal->readLock) and set pWal->readLock to -1.
**
** This routine uses the nBackfill and aReadMark[] fields of the header
** to select a particular WAL_READ_LOCK() that strives to let the
** checkpoint process do as much work as possible. This routine might
** update values of the aReadMark[] array in the header, but if it does
** so it takes care to hold an exclusive lock on the corresponding
** WAL_READ_LOCK() while changing values.
*/
static int walTryBeginRead(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged, int useWal, int cnt){
volatile WalCkptInfo *pInfo; /* Checkpoint information in wal-index */
u32 mxReadMark; /* Largest aReadMark[] value */
int mxI; /* Index of largest aReadMark[] value */
int i; /* Loop counter */
int rc = SQLITE_OK; /* Return code */
assert( pWal->readLock<0 ); /* Not currently locked */
/* Take steps to avoid spinning forever if there is a protocol error.
**
** Circumstances that cause a RETRY should only last for the briefest
** instances of time. No I/O or other system calls are done while the
** locks are held, so the locks should not be held for very long. But
** if we are unlucky, another process that is holding a lock might get
** paged out or take a page-fault that is time-consuming to resolve,
** during the few nanoseconds that it is holding the lock. In that case,
** it might take longer than normal for the lock to free.
**
** After 5 RETRYs, we begin calling sqlite3OsSleep(). The first few
** calls to sqlite3OsSleep() have a delay of 1 microsecond. Really this
** is more of a scheduler yield than an actual delay. But on the 10th
** an subsequent retries, the delays start becoming longer and longer,
** so that on the 100th (and last) RETRY we delay for 21 milliseconds.
** The total delay time before giving up is less than 1 second.
*/
if( cnt>5 ){
int nDelay = 1; /* Pause time in microseconds */
if( cnt>100 ){
VVA_ONLY( pWal->lockError = 1; )
return SQLITE_PROTOCOL;
}
if( cnt>=10 ) nDelay = (cnt-9)*238; /* Max delay 21ms. Total delay 996ms */
sqlite3OsSleep(pWal->pVfs, nDelay);
}
if( !useWal ){
rc = walIndexReadHdr(pWal, pChanged);
if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
/* If there is not a recovery running in another thread or process
** then convert BUSY errors to WAL_RETRY. If recovery is known to
** be running, convert BUSY to BUSY_RECOVERY. There is a race here
** which might cause WAL_RETRY to be returned even if BUSY_RECOVERY
** would be technically correct. But the race is benign since with
** WAL_RETRY this routine will be called again and will probably be
** right on the second iteration.
*/
if( pWal->apWiData[0]==0 ){
/* This branch is taken when the xShmMap() method returns SQLITE_BUSY.
** We assume this is a transient condition, so return WAL_RETRY. The
** xShmMap() implementation used by the default unix and win32 VFS
** modules may return SQLITE_BUSY due to a race condition in the
** code that determines whether or not the shared-memory region
** must be zeroed before the requested page is returned.
*/
rc = WAL_RETRY;
}else if( SQLITE_OK==(rc = walLockShared(pWal, WAL_RECOVER_LOCK)) ){
walUnlockShared(pWal, WAL_RECOVER_LOCK);
rc = WAL_RETRY;
}else if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
rc = SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY;
}
}
if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
return rc;
}
}
pInfo = walCkptInfo(pWal);
if( !useWal && pInfo->nBackfill==pWal->hdr.mxFrame ){
/* The WAL has been completely backfilled (or it is empty).
** and can be safely ignored.
*/
rc = walLockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(0));
walShmBarrier(pWal);
if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
if( memcmp((void *)walIndexHdr(pWal), &pWal->hdr, sizeof(WalIndexHdr)) ){
/* It is not safe to allow the reader to continue here if frames
** may have been appended to the log before READ_LOCK(0) was obtained.
** When holding READ_LOCK(0), the reader ignores the entire log file,
** which implies that the database file contains a trustworthy
** snapshoT. Since holding READ_LOCK(0) prevents a checkpoint from
** happening, this is usually correct.
**
** However, if frames have been appended to the log (or if the log
** is wrapped and written for that matter) before the READ_LOCK(0)
** is obtained, that is not necessarily true. A checkpointer may
** have started to backfill the appended frames but crashed before
** it finished. Leaving a corrupt image in the database file.
*/
walUnlockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(0));
return WAL_RETRY;
}
pWal->readLock = 0;
return SQLITE_OK;
}else if( rc!=SQLITE_BUSY ){
return rc;
}
}
/* If we get this far, it means that the reader will want to use
** the WAL to get at content from recent commits. The job now is
** to select one of the aReadMark[] entries that is closest to
** but not exceeding pWal->hdr.mxFrame and lock that entry.
*/
mxReadMark = 0;
mxI = 0;
for(i=1; i<WAL_NREADER; i++){
u32 thisMark = pInfo->aReadMark[i];
if( mxReadMark<=thisMark && thisMark<=pWal->hdr.mxFrame ){
assert( thisMark!=READMARK_NOT_USED );
mxReadMark = thisMark;
mxI = i;
}
}
/* There was once an "if" here. The extra "{" is to preserve indentation. */
{
if( mxReadMark < pWal->hdr.mxFrame || mxI==0 ){
for(i=1; i<WAL_NREADER; i++){
rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(i), 1);
if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
mxReadMark = pInfo->aReadMark[i] = pWal->hdr.mxFrame;
mxI = i;
walUnlockExclusive(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(i), 1);
break;
}else if( rc!=SQLITE_BUSY ){
return rc;
}
}
}
if( mxI==0 ){
assert( rc==SQLITE_BUSY );
return WAL_RETRY;
}
rc = walLockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(mxI));
if( rc ){
return rc==SQLITE_BUSY ? WAL_RETRY : rc;
}
/* Now that the read-lock has been obtained, check that neither the
** value in the aReadMark[] array or the contents of the wal-index
** header have changed.
**
** It is necessary to check that the wal-index header did not change
** between the time it was read and when the shared-lock was obtained
** on WAL_READ_LOCK(mxI) was obtained to account for the possibility
** that the log file may have been wrapped by a writer, or that frames
** that occur later in the log than pWal->hdr.mxFrame may have been
** copied into the database by a checkpointer. If either of these things
** happened, then reading the database with the current value of
** pWal->hdr.mxFrame risks reading a corrupted snapshot. So, retry
** instead.
**
** This does not guarantee that the copy of the wal-index header is up to
** date before proceeding. That would not be possible without somehow
** blocking writers. It only guarantees that a dangerous checkpoint or
** log-wrap (either of which would require an exclusive lock on
** WAL_READ_LOCK(mxI)) has not occurred since the snapshot was valid.
*/
walShmBarrier(pWal);
if( pInfo->aReadMark[mxI]!=mxReadMark
|| memcmp((void *)walIndexHdr(pWal), &pWal->hdr, sizeof(WalIndexHdr))
){
walUnlockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(mxI));
return WAL_RETRY;
}else{
assert( mxReadMark<=pWal->hdr.mxFrame );
pWal->readLock = (i16)mxI;
}
}
return rc;
}
/*
** Begin a read transaction on the database.
**
** This routine used to be called sqlite3OpenSnapshot() and with good reason:
** it takes a snapshot of the state of the WAL and wal-index for the current
** instant in time. The current thread will continue to use this snapshot.
** Other threads might append new content to the WAL and wal-index but
** that extra content is ignored by the current thread.
**
** If the database contents have changes since the previous read
** transaction, then *pChanged is set to 1 before returning. The
** Pager layer will use this to know that is cache is stale and
** needs to be flushed.
*/
int sqlite3WalBeginReadTransaction(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
int rc; /* Return code */
int cnt = 0; /* Number of TryBeginRead attempts */
do{
rc = walTryBeginRead(pWal, pChanged, 0, ++cnt);
}while( rc==WAL_RETRY );
testcase( (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_BUSY );
testcase( (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_IOERR );
testcase( rc==SQLITE_PROTOCOL );
testcase( rc==SQLITE_OK );
return rc;
}
/*
** Finish with a read transaction. All this does is release the
** read-lock.
*/
void sqlite3WalEndReadTransaction(Wal *pWal){
sqlite3WalEndWriteTransaction(pWal);
if( pWal->readLock>=0 ){
walUnlockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(pWal->readLock));
pWal->readLock = -1;
}
}
/*
** Read a page from the WAL, if it is present in the WAL and if the
** current read transaction is configured to use the WAL.
**
** The *pInWal is set to 1 if the requested page is in the WAL and
** has been loaded. Or *pInWal is set to 0 if the page was not in
** the WAL and needs to be read out of the database.
*/
int sqlite3WalRead(
Wal *pWal, /* WAL handle */
Pgno pgno, /* Database page number to read data for */
int *pInWal, /* OUT: True if data is read from WAL */
int nOut, /* Size of buffer pOut in bytes */
u8 *pOut /* Buffer to write page data to */
){
u32 iRead = 0; /* If !=0, WAL frame to return data from */
u32 iLast = pWal->hdr.mxFrame; /* Last page in WAL for this reader */
int iHash; /* Used to loop through N hash tables */
/* This routine is only be called from within a read transaction. */
assert( pWal->readLock>=0 || pWal->lockError );
/* If the "last page" field of the wal-index header snapshot is 0, then
** no data will be read from the wal under any circumstances. Return early
** in this case as an optimization. Likewise, if pWal->readLock==0,
** then the WAL is ignored by the reader so return early, as if the
** WAL were empty.
*/
if( iLast==0 || pWal->readLock==0 ){
*pInWal = 0;
return SQLITE_OK;
}
/* Search the hash table or tables for an entry matching page number
** pgno. Each iteration of the following for() loop searches one
** hash table (each hash table indexes up to HASHTABLE_NPAGE frames).
**
** This code might run concurrently to the code in walIndexAppend()
** that adds entries to the wal-index (and possibly to this hash
** table). This means the value just read from the hash
** slot (aHash[iKey]) may have been added before or after the
** current read transaction was opened. Values added after the
** read transaction was opened may have been written incorrectly -
** i.e. these slots may contain garbage data. However, we assume
** that any slots written before the current read transaction was
** opened remain unmodified.
**
** For the reasons above, the if(...) condition featured in the inner
** loop of the following block is more stringent that would be required
** if we had exclusive access to the hash-table:
**
** (aPgno[iFrame]==pgno):
** This condition filters out normal hash-table collisions.
**
** (iFrame<=iLast):
** This condition filters out entries that were added to the hash
** table after the current read-transaction had started.
*/
for(iHash=walFramePage(iLast); iHash>=0 && iRead==0; iHash--){
volatile ht_slot *aHash; /* Pointer to hash table */
volatile u32 *aPgno; /* Pointer to array of page numbers */
u32 iZero; /* Frame number corresponding to aPgno[0] */
int iKey; /* Hash slot index */
int nCollide; /* Number of hash collisions remaining */
int rc; /* Error code */
rc = walHashGet(pWal, iHash, &aHash, &aPgno, &iZero);
if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
return rc;
}
nCollide = HASHTABLE_NSLOT;
for(iKey=walHash(pgno); aHash[iKey]; iKey=walNextHash(iKey)){
u32 iFrame = aHash[iKey] + iZero;
if( iFrame<=iLast && aPgno[aHash[iKey]]==pgno ){
assert( iFrame>iRead );
iRead = iFrame;
}
if( (nCollide--)==0 ){
return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
}
}
}
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPENSIVE_ASSERT
/* If expensive assert() statements are available, do a linear search
** of the wal-index file content. Make sure the results agree with the
** result obtained using the hash indexes above. */
{
u32 iRead2 = 0;
u32 iTest;
for(iTest=iLast; iTest>0; iTest--){
if( walFramePgno(pWal, iTest)==pgno ){
iRead2 = iTest;
break;
}
}
assert( iRead==iRead2 );
}
#endif
/* If iRead is non-zero, then it is the log frame number that contains the
** required page. Read and return data from the log file.
*/
if( iRead ){
int sz;
i64 iOffset;
sz = pWal->hdr.szPage;
sz = (pWal->hdr.szPage&0xfe00) + ((pWal->hdr.szPage&0x0001)<<16);
testcase( sz<=32768 );
testcase( sz>=65536 );
iOffset = walFrameOffset(iRead, sz) + WAL_FRAME_HDRSIZE;
*pInWal = 1;
/* testcase( IS_BIG_INT(iOffset) ); // requires a 4GiB WAL */
return sqlite3OsRead(pWal->pWalFd, pOut, nOut, iOffset);
}
*pInWal = 0;
return SQLITE_OK;
}
/*
** Return the size of the database in pages (or zero, if unknown).
*/
Pgno sqlite3WalDbsize(Wal *pWal){
if( pWal && ALWAYS(pWal->readLock>=0) ){
return pWal->hdr.nPage;
}
return 0;
}
/*
** This function starts a write transaction on the WAL.
**
** A read transaction must have already been started by a prior call
** to sqlite3WalBeginReadTransaction().
**
** If another thread or process has written into the database since
** the read transaction was started, then it is not possible for this
** thread to write as doing so would cause a fork. So this routine
** returns SQLITE_BUSY in that case and no write transaction is started.
**
** There can only be a single writer active at a time.
*/
int sqlite3WalBeginWriteTransaction(Wal *pWal){
int rc;
/* Cannot start a write transaction without first holding a read
** transaction. */
assert( pWal->readLock>=0 );
if( pWal->readOnly ){
return SQLITE_READONLY;
}
/* Only one writer allowed at a time. Get the write lock. Return
** SQLITE_BUSY if unable.
*/
rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, WAL_WRITE_LOCK, 1);
if( rc ){
return rc;
}
pWal->writeLock = 1;
/* If another connection has written to the database file since the
** time the read transaction on this connection was started, then
** the write is disallowed.
*/
if( memcmp(&pWal->hdr, (void *)walIndexHdr(pWal), sizeof(WalIndexHdr))!=0 ){
walUnlockExclusive(pWal, WAL_WRITE_LOCK, 1);
pWal->writeLock = 0;
rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
}
return rc;
}
/*
** End a write transaction. The commit has already been done. This
** routine merely releases the lock.
*/
int sqlite3WalEndWriteTransaction(Wal *pWal){
if( pWal->writeLock ){
walUnlockExclusive(pWal, WAL_WRITE_LOCK, 1);
pWal->writeLock = 0;
}
return SQLITE_OK;
}
/*
** If any data has been written (but not committed) to the log file, this
** function moves the write-pointer back to the start of the transaction.
**
** Additionally, the callback function is invoked for each frame written
** to the WAL since the start of the transaction. If the callback returns
** other than SQLITE_OK, it is not invoked again and the error code is
** returned to the caller.
**
** Otherwise, if the callback function does not return an error, this
** function returns SQLITE_OK.
*/
int sqlite3WalUndo(Wal *pWal, int (*xUndo)(void *, Pgno), void *pUndoCtx){
int rc = SQLITE_OK;
if( ALWAYS(pWal->writeLock) ){
Pgno iMax = pWal->hdr.mxFrame;
Pgno iFrame;
/* Restore the clients cache of the wal-index header to the state it
** was in before the client began writing to the database.
*/
memcpy(&pWal->hdr, (void *)walIndexHdr(pWal), sizeof(WalIndexHdr));
for(iFrame=pWal->hdr.mxFrame+1;
ALWAYS(rc==SQLITE_OK) && iFrame<=iMax;
iFrame++
){
/* This call cannot fail. Unless the page for which the page number
** is passed as the second argument is (a) in the cache and
** (b) has an outstanding reference, then xUndo is either a no-op
** (if (a) is false) or simply expels the page from the cache (if (b)
** is false).
**
** If the upper layer is doing a rollback, it is guaranteed that there
** are no outstanding references to any page other than page 1. And
** page 1 is never written to the log until the transaction is
** committed. As a result, the call to xUndo may not fail.
*/
assert( walFramePgno(pWal, iFrame)!=1 );
rc = xUndo(pUndoCtx, walFramePgno(pWal, iFrame));
}
walCleanupHash(pWal);
}
assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
return rc;
}
/*
** Argument aWalData must point to an array of WAL_SAVEPOINT_NDATA u32
** values. This function populates the array with values required to
** "rollback" the write position of the WAL handle back to the current
** point in the event of a savepoint rollback (via WalSavepointUndo()).
*/
void sqlite3WalSavepoint(Wal *pWal, u32 *aWalData){
assert( pWal->writeLock );
aWalData[0] = pWal->hdr.mxFrame;
aWalData[1] = pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[0];
aWalData[2] = pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[1];
aWalData[3] = pWal->nCkpt;
}
/*
** Move the write position of the WAL back to the point identified by
** the values in the aWalData[] array. aWalData must point to an array
** of WAL_SAVEPOINT_NDATA u32 values that has been previously populated
** by a call to WalSavepoint().
*/
int sqlite3WalSavepointUndo(Wal *pWal, u32 *aWalData){
int rc = SQLITE_OK;
assert( pWal->writeLock );
assert( aWalData[3]!=pWal->nCkpt || aWalData[0]<=pWal->hdr.mxFrame );
if( aWalData[3]!=pWal->nCkpt ){
/* This savepoint was opened immediately after the write-transaction
** was started. Right after that, the writer decided to wrap around
** to the start of the log. Update the savepoint values to match.
*/
aWalData[0] = 0;
aWalData[3] = pWal->nCkpt;
}
if( aWalData[0]<pWal->hdr.mxFrame ){
pWal->hdr.mxFrame = aWalData[0];
pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[0] = aWalData[1];
pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[1] = aWalData[2];
walCleanupHash(pWal);
}
return rc;
}
/*
** This function is called just before writing a set of frames to the log
** file (see sqlite3WalFrames()). It checks to see if, instead of appending
** to the current log file, it is possible to overwrite the start of the
** existing log file with the new frames (i.e. "reset" the log). If so,
** it sets pWal->hdr.mxFrame to 0. Otherwise, pWal->hdr.mxFrame is left
** unchanged.
**
** SQLITE_OK is returned if no error is encountered (regardless of whether
** or not pWal->hdr.mxFrame is modified). An SQLite error code is returned
** if an error occurs.
*/
static int walRestartLog(Wal *pWal){
int rc = SQLITE_OK;
int cnt;
if( pWal->readLock==0 ){
volatile WalCkptInfo *pInfo = walCkptInfo(pWal);
assert( pInfo->nBackfill==pWal->hdr.mxFrame );
if( pInfo->nBackfill>0 ){
u32 salt1;
sqlite3_randomness(4, &salt1);
rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(1), WAL_NREADER-1);
if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
/* If all readers are using WAL_READ_LOCK(0) (in other words if no
** readers are currently using the WAL), then the transactions
** frames will overwrite the start of the existing log. Update the
** wal-index header to reflect this.
**
** In theory it would be Ok to update the cache of the header only
** at this point. But updating the actual wal-index header is also
** safe and means there is no special case for sqlite3WalUndo()
** to handle if this transaction is rolled back.
*/
int i; /* Loop counter */
u32 *aSalt = pWal->hdr.aSalt; /* Big-endian salt values */
pWal->nCkpt++;
pWal->hdr.mxFrame = 0;
sqlite3Put4byte((u8*)&aSalt[0], 1 + sqlite3Get4byte((u8*)&aSalt[0]));
aSalt[1] = salt1;
walIndexWriteHdr(pWal);
pInfo->nBackfill = 0;
for(i=1; i<WAL_NREADER; i++) pInfo->aReadMark[i] = READMARK_NOT_USED;
assert( pInfo->aReadMark[0]==0 );
walUnlockExclusive(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(1), WAL_NREADER-1);
}else if( rc!=SQLITE_BUSY ){
return rc;
}
}
walUnlockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(0));
pWal->readLock = -1;
cnt = 0;
do{
int notUsed;
rc = walTryBeginRead(pWal, &notUsed, 1, ++cnt);
}while( rc==WAL_RETRY );
assert( (rc&0xff)!=SQLITE_BUSY ); /* BUSY not possible when useWal==1 */
testcase( (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_IOERR );
testcase( rc==SQLITE_PROTOCOL );
testcase( rc==SQLITE_OK );
}
return rc;
}
/*
** Write a set of frames to the log. The caller must hold the write-lock
** on the log file (obtained using sqlite3WalBeginWriteTransaction()).
*/
int sqlite3WalFrames(
Wal *pWal, /* Wal handle to write to */
int szPage, /* Database page-size in bytes */
PgHdr *pList, /* List of dirty pages to write */
Pgno nTruncate, /* Database size after this commit */
int isCommit, /* True if this is a commit */
int sync_flags /* Flags to pass to OsSync() (or 0) */
){
int rc; /* Used to catch return codes */
u32 iFrame; /* Next frame address */
u8 aFrame[WAL_FRAME_HDRSIZE]; /* Buffer to assemble frame-header in */
PgHdr *p; /* Iterator to run through pList with. */
PgHdr *pLast = 0; /* Last frame in list */
int nLast = 0; /* Number of extra copies of last page */
assert( pList );
assert( pWal->writeLock );
#if defined(SQLITE_TEST) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
{ int cnt; for(cnt=0, p=pList; p; p=p->pDirty, cnt++){}
WALTRACE(("WAL%p: frame write begin. %d frames. mxFrame=%d. %s\n",
pWal, cnt, pWal->hdr.mxFrame, isCommit ? "Commit" : "Spill"));
}
#endif
/* See if it is possible to write these frames into the start of the
** log file, instead of appending to it at pWal->hdr.mxFrame.
*/
if( SQLITE_OK!=(rc = walRestartLog(pWal)) ){
return rc;
}
/* If this is the first frame written into the log, write the WAL
** header to the start of the WAL file. See comments at the top of
** this source file for a description of the WAL header format.
*/
iFrame = pWal->hdr.mxFrame;
if( iFrame==0 ){
u8 aWalHdr[WAL_HDRSIZE]; /* Buffer to assemble wal-header in */
u32 aCksum[2]; /* Checksum for wal-header */
sqlite3Put4byte(&aWalHdr[0], (WAL_MAGIC | SQLITE_BIGENDIAN));
sqlite3Put4byte(&aWalHdr[4], WAL_MAX_VERSION);
sqlite3Put4byte(&aWalHdr[8], szPage);
sqlite3Put4byte(&aWalHdr[12], pWal->nCkpt);
sqlite3_randomness(8, pWal->hdr.aSalt);
memcpy(&aWalHdr[16], pWal->hdr.aSalt, 8);
walChecksumBytes(1, aWalHdr, WAL_HDRSIZE-2*4, 0, aCksum);
sqlite3Put4byte(&aWalHdr[24], aCksum[0]);
sqlite3Put4byte(&aWalHdr[28], aCksum[1]);
pWal->szPage = szPage;
pWal->hdr.bigEndCksum = SQLITE_BIGENDIAN;
pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[0] = aCksum[0];
pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[1] = aCksum[1];
rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pWal->pWalFd, aWalHdr, sizeof(aWalHdr), 0);
WALTRACE(("WAL%p: wal-header write %s\n", pWal, rc ? "failed" : "ok"));
if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
return rc;
}
}
assert( (int)pWal->szPage==szPage );
/* Write the log file. */
for(p=pList; p; p=p->pDirty){
u32 nDbsize; /* Db-size field for frame header */
i64 iOffset; /* Write offset in log file */
void *pData;
iOffset = walFrameOffset(++iFrame, szPage);
/* testcase( IS_BIG_INT(iOffset) ); // requires a 4GiB WAL */
/* Populate and write the frame header */
nDbsize = (isCommit && p->pDirty==0) ? nTruncate : 0;
#if defined(SQLITE_HAS_CODEC)
if( (pData = sqlite3PagerCodec(p))==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
#else
pData = p->pData;
#endif
walEncodeFrame(pWal, p->pgno, nDbsize, pData, aFrame);
rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pWal->pWalFd, aFrame, sizeof(aFrame), iOffset);
if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
return rc;
}
/* Write the page data */
rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pWal->pWalFd, pData, szPage, iOffset+sizeof(aFrame));
if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
return rc;
}
pLast = p;
}
/* Sync the log file if the 'isSync' flag was specified. */
if( sync_flags ){
i64 iSegment = sqlite3OsSectorSize(pWal->pWalFd);
i64 iOffset = walFrameOffset(iFrame+1, szPage);
assert( isCommit );
assert( iSegment>0 );
iSegment = (((iOffset+iSegment-1)/iSegment) * iSegment);
while( iOffset<iSegment ){
void *pData;
#if defined(SQLITE_HAS_CODEC)
if( (pData = sqlite3PagerCodec(pLast))==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
#else
pData = pLast->pData;
#endif
walEncodeFrame(pWal, pLast->pgno, nTruncate, pData, aFrame);
/* testcase( IS_BIG_INT(iOffset) ); // requires a 4GiB WAL */
rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pWal->pWalFd, aFrame, sizeof(aFrame), iOffset);
if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
return rc;
}
iOffset += WAL_FRAME_HDRSIZE;
rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pWal->pWalFd, pData, szPage, iOffset);
if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
return rc;
}
nLast++;
iOffset += szPage;
}
rc = sqlite3OsSync(pWal->pWalFd, sync_flags);
}
/* Append data to the wal-index. It is not necessary to lock the
** wal-index to do this as the SQLITE_SHM_WRITE lock held on the wal-index
** guarantees that there are no other writers, and no data that may
** be in use by existing readers is being overwritten.
*/
iFrame = pWal->hdr.mxFrame;
for(p=pList; p && rc==SQLITE_OK; p=p->pDirty){
iFrame++;
rc = walIndexAppend(pWal, iFrame, p->pgno);
}
while( nLast>0 && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
iFrame++;
nLast--;
rc = walIndexAppend(pWal, iFrame, pLast->pgno);
}
if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
/* Update the private copy of the header. */
pWal->hdr.szPage = (u16)((szPage&0xff00) | (szPage>>16));
testcase( szPage<=32768 );
testcase( szPage>=65536 );
pWal->hdr.mxFrame = iFrame;
if( isCommit ){
pWal->hdr.iChange++;
pWal->hdr.nPage = nTruncate;
}
/* If this is a commit, update the wal-index header too. */
if( isCommit ){
walIndexWriteHdr(pWal);
pWal->iCallback = iFrame;
}
}
WALTRACE(("WAL%p: frame write %s\n", pWal, rc ? "failed" : "ok"));
return rc;
}
/*
** This routine is called to implement sqlite3_wal_checkpoint() and
** related interfaces.
**
** Obtain a CHECKPOINT lock and then backfill as much information as
** we can from WAL into the database.
**
** If parameter xBusy is not NULL, it is a pointer to a busy-handler
** callback. In this case this function runs a blocking checkpoint.
*/
int sqlite3WalCheckpoint(
Wal *pWal, /* Wal connection */
int eMode, /* PASSIVE, FULL or RESTART */
int (*xBusy)(void*), /* Function to call when busy */
void *pBusyArg, /* Context argument for xBusyHandler */
int sync_flags, /* Flags to sync db file with (or 0) */
int nBuf, /* Size of temporary buffer */
u8 *zBuf, /* Temporary buffer to use */
int *pnLog, /* OUT: Number of frames in WAL */
int *pnCkpt /* OUT: Number of backfilled frames in WAL */
){
int rc; /* Return code */
int isChanged = 0; /* True if a new wal-index header is loaded */
int eMode2 = eMode; /* Mode to pass to walCheckpoint() */
assert( pWal->ckptLock==0 );
assert( pWal->writeLock==0 );
WALTRACE(("WAL%p: checkpoint begins\n", pWal));
rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, WAL_CKPT_LOCK, 1);
if( rc ){
/* Usually this is SQLITE_BUSY meaning that another thread or process
** is already running a checkpoint, or maybe a recovery. But it might
** also be SQLITE_IOERR. */
return rc;
}
pWal->ckptLock = 1;
/* If this is a blocking-checkpoint, then obtain the write-lock as well
** to prevent any writers from running while the checkpoint is underway.
** This has to be done before the call to walIndexReadHdr() below.
**
** If the writer lock cannot be obtained, then a passive checkpoint is
** run instead. Since the checkpointer is not holding the writer lock,
** there is no point in blocking waiting for any readers. Assuming no
** other error occurs, this function will return SQLITE_BUSY to the caller.
*/
if( eMode!=SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE ){
rc = walBusyLock(pWal, xBusy, pBusyArg, WAL_WRITE_LOCK, 1);
if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
pWal->writeLock = 1;
}else if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
eMode2 = SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE;
rc = SQLITE_OK;
}
}
/* Read the wal-index header. */
if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
rc = walIndexReadHdr(pWal, &isChanged);
}
/* Copy data from the log to the database file. */
if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
if( pWal->hdr.mxFrame && walPagesize(pWal)!=nBuf ){
rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
}else{
rc = walCheckpoint(pWal, eMode2, xBusy, pBusyArg, sync_flags, zBuf);
}
/* If no error occurred, set the output variables. */
if( rc==SQLITE_OK || rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
if( pnLog ) *pnLog = (int)pWal->hdr.mxFrame;
if( pnCkpt ) *pnCkpt = (int)(walCkptInfo(pWal)->nBackfill);
}
}
if( isChanged ){
/* If a new wal-index header was loaded before the checkpoint was
** performed, then the pager-cache associated with pWal is now
** out of date. So zero the cached wal-index header to ensure that
** next time the pager opens a snapshot on this database it knows that
** the cache needs to be reset.
*/
memset(&pWal->hdr, 0, sizeof(WalIndexHdr));
}
/* Release the locks. */
sqlite3WalEndWriteTransaction(pWal);
walUnlockExclusive(pWal, WAL_CKPT_LOCK, 1);
pWal->ckptLock = 0;
WALTRACE(("WAL%p: checkpoint %s\n", pWal, rc ? "failed" : "ok"));
return (rc==SQLITE_OK && eMode!=eMode2 ? SQLITE_BUSY : rc);
}
/* Return the value to pass to a sqlite3_wal_hook callback, the
** number of frames in the WAL at the point of the last commit since
** sqlite3WalCallback() was called. If no commits have occurred since
** the last call, then return 0.
*/
int sqlite3WalCallback(Wal *pWal){
u32 ret = 0;
if( pWal ){
ret = pWal->iCallback;
pWal->iCallback = 0;
}
return (int)ret;
}
/*
** This function is called to change the WAL subsystem into or out
** of locking_mode=EXCLUSIVE.
**
** If op is zero, then attempt to change from locking_mode=EXCLUSIVE
** into locking_mode=NORMAL. This means that we must acquire a lock
** on the pWal->readLock byte. If the WAL is already in locking_mode=NORMAL
** or if the acquisition of the lock fails, then return 0. If the
** transition out of exclusive-mode is successful, return 1. This
** operation must occur while the pager is still holding the exclusive
** lock on the main database file.
**
** If op is one, then change from locking_mode=NORMAL into
** locking_mode=EXCLUSIVE. This means that the pWal->readLock must
** be released. Return 1 if the transition is made and 0 if the
** WAL is already in exclusive-locking mode - meaning that this
** routine is a no-op. The pager must already hold the exclusive lock
** on the main database file before invoking this operation.
**
** If op is negative, then do a dry-run of the op==1 case but do
** not actually change anything. The pager uses this to see if it
** should acquire the database exclusive lock prior to invoking
** the op==1 case.
*/
int sqlite3WalExclusiveMode(Wal *pWal, int op){
int rc;
assert( pWal->writeLock==0 );
assert( pWal->exclusiveMode!=WAL_HEAPMEMORY_MODE || op==-1 );
/* pWal->readLock is usually set, but might be -1 if there was a
** prior error while attempting to acquire are read-lock. This cannot
** happen if the connection is actually in exclusive mode (as no xShmLock
** locks are taken in this case). Nor should the pager attempt to
** upgrade to exclusive-mode following such an error.
*/
assert( pWal->readLock>=0 || pWal->lockError );
assert( pWal->readLock>=0 || (op<=0 && pWal->exclusiveMode==0) );
if( op==0 ){
if( pWal->exclusiveMode ){
pWal->exclusiveMode = 0;
if( walLockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(pWal->readLock))!=SQLITE_OK ){
pWal->exclusiveMode = 1;
}
rc = pWal->exclusiveMode==0;
}else{
/* Already in locking_mode=NORMAL */
rc = 0;
}
}else if( op>0 ){
assert( pWal->exclusiveMode==0 );
assert( pWal->readLock>=0 );
walUnlockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(pWal->readLock));
pWal->exclusiveMode = 1;
rc = 1;
}else{
rc = pWal->exclusiveMode==0;
}
return rc;
}
/*
** Return true if the argument is non-NULL and the WAL module is using
** heap-memory for the wal-index. Otherwise, if the argument is NULL or the
** WAL module is using shared-memory, return false.
*/
int sqlite3WalHeapMemory(Wal *pWal){
return (pWal && pWal->exclusiveMode==WAL_HEAPMEMORY_MODE );
}
#endif /* #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL */